Wooden containers

• One of the earliest packaging material

• Used as transport package
• Used in different forms like:
• Boxes
• Crates
• Baskets
• Pallets
• skids
They are made from
• Wooden planks
• Plywood
The planks are cut to the size and are fastened
to make standard containers

Timber is used for making wooden containers

 Fasteners
• Wires
• Nails
• Screws
• Staples
• Steel bands
• Non uniform physical characteristics
• Treated wood for packaging application. It
must be free from
• Knot
• Wrap
• Crack
 Advantages of wooden containers
• Good weight to strength ratio
• Less use of sophisticated machine
• Good rigidity and stacking strength
• Easy to store and handle
• Provide adequate protection from shipping
hazards
 Types of wooden boxes

Style 2 & 4 are provided with additional

Cleats nailed inside to improve rigidity of box
planks to improve strength
• Plank thickness depends on
• wood type (Soft, medium, and hard)
• Load type (easy, average, and difficult)
• Weight content
Easy load
• Goods of moderate density, with mass evenly distributed and packed in
primary containers which completely fill outer container and there by
gives support in all faces
• Cartons
• tightly pack boxes
• match boxes
• tea chest
Average load
• Most of consumer items fall in this group. Outer packaging material has to
provide adequate protection of the contents.
Difficult load
• Products of high density and irregular shapes with mass concentrated or
otherwise requires high degree of protection. Supplies in this category
provides no support for the container and tend to concentrate the load on
product.
• The extent of
• Blocking
• Bracing
• Bolting
• Helps the product and packaging
• Electronic items
• Fragile items
• Delicate instrument
• Plain
• Coated
• Serrated
• Screw
 Metal band box
• The stress on the nail is relieved and bulging is
minimized by providing metal band around
the box at correct position.
 Wire bound box

• The thin faces of boards are reinforced by

binding wires that are stapled at frequent
intervals.
 Cleat box
• Cleats provides additional strength and rigidity
due to increase section area
• Securly fastening boxes together and reinforce
the cornors
 Wooden crates
• Crate is a structural member in
which wooden frames anchor to
sustain load and define shape
• Types are
• Open ended
• Covered by plywood
• Used for large items
• Diagonals take tensile and
compressive strength
• Detachable
• Polished surface must be 30mm
away from crate
• Runner at bottom, which permit
the fork lift truck to lift the load
 Platic packaging
• Plastic are polymers
• Comprehensive family with a wide range of properties, to
meet the requirements of packaging industry
• Two groups of plastic

Thermo plastic
Are those
materails which Thermosets
can be heated or Soften on the
cooled rapidly application of
without sufficient heat but
appreciable lost of hardens on cooling
mechanical and
physical properties
 Use of plastics
• Rigid containers
• Flexible containers
• Films
• Lamination
 Advantages of plastic packaging
• Light and less expensive
• Better barrier properties for
• Moisture (leak proof)
• Gases
• Resistant to most chemicals
• Safe to use even in direct contact with
• Food
• Medicine
• Cosmetics
• Availble in desired shapes or forms like
• Films
• Sheets
• Bottles
• Tubes
• Pouches
• Crates
• Dont promotes bacterial growth and can be sterilized by conventional
methods
• Recycled material
 Types of plastic films
• Linear low density polyethylene
Snack food, cheese, frozen food, beverages, poultry
application, vaccum bags

Heat sealable Polystyrene

Non-oriented Polypropylene Oriented Polypropylene metallized

 Control of packaging atmosphere
• Reducing temperature
• Controlling O2, CO2, water vapour, ethylene
• Inhibition of microbial growth
• Reduce spoilage
• Extends shelf life
• Protection from oxidation, dehydration,
weight loss, freezer burn
• Vaccum packaging-modifies the atmosphere surrounding the food
by removing oxygen inside a vaccum chamber

• Flushing the packaging environment with specific targeted gases or

modified atmosphere packaging-modifies the internal packaging
atmosphere of food. Its under a gaseous environmentally
atmosphere

• Controlled atmosphere packaging -uses inert gas to control

packaging environment

• Active packaging technology-packaging more activly contributes to

the product development, controls maturation and ripening helps
in maintaining proper colour and flavour