11

Addictions and
Addictive
Behavior:
Threats to
Wellness

PowerPoint® Lecture Slide

Presentation prepared by

Michael Hall
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.,
publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Objectives

• Define addiction.
• Distinguish addictions from habits, and identify the signs
of addiction.
• Discuss the addictive process, the physiology of
addiction, and the biopsychosocial model of addiction.
• Describe types of addictions.
• Evaluate treatment and recovery options.

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Defining Addiction

• Addiction – continued involvement with a substance or

activity despite ongoing negative consequences
• Physiological addiction
• Psychological addiction

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Habit versus Addiction

• Habit – repeated behavior in which the repetition may be

unconscious
• Compulsion – if the habit occurs by compulsion and
considerable discomfort is experienced if the behavior is
not performed, then the repetition or habit is considered
an addiction

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Signs of Addiction

• Four common symptoms:

• Obsession
• Loss of control
• Negative consequences
• Denial

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The Addictive Process

• “Nurturing through avoidance”

• The physiology of addiction:
• Neurotransmitters
• Tolerance
• Withdrawal

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 Cycle of Psychological Addiction

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Model of Addiction

• Biopsychosocial model – proposes that addiction is

caused by a variety of factors operating together

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Other Thoughts on Addiction

• Biological or disease influences

• Environmental influences
• Social learning theory
• Psychological factors

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 Risk Factors for Addiction

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 Risk Factors for Addiction (continued)

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 Risk Factors for Addiction (continued)

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Types of Addiction
• Process addictions – behaviors known to be addictive
because they are mood altering:
• Money addictions
• Compulsive gambling
• Compulsive shopping and borrowing
• Work addiction
• Exercise:
• Addictive exercisers
• Muscle dysmorphia
• Internet
• Sexual
• Multiple
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 Signs of Work Addiction

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How Addiction Affects Family and Friends

• Codependence – a person is “addicted to the addict”;

they assume responsibility for meeting the addict’s need
and neglect their own
• Enablers – people who knowingly or unknowingly
protect addicts from the natural consequences of their
actions

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Treatment for and Recovery from Addiction

• Intervention – planned process of confrontation by

people who are important to the addict; its purpose is to
allow the addict to see the destructive nature of the
addiction
• Treatment:
• Abstinence – refraining from the addictive behavior
• Detoxification – adjustment physically and congnitively
to being free from the influence of addiction

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Choosing a Treatment

• The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism

(NIAAA) – Project MATCH
• Three strategies for addiction treatment were studied:
• Cognitive-behavioral therapy
• Motivational psychology
• 12-step programs
• Conclusion was that focus for treatment selection should
be on choosing a program that was complete

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Relapse

• Isolated or complete return to addictive behavior

• Relapse prevention requires the addict and significant
others to recognize the signs of imminent relapse and to
develop a plan for responding to the signs
• Relapse is not a failure to change or a lack of desire to
stay well

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

 THANKS

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings