Dr. D.Y.

Patil Institute of Technology

Pimpri, Pune-411018
Department of Mechanical Engineering
M.E. (Design Engineering)
Project Stage – I
on

Design-Analysis & Development of

Modular Hydropneumatic Shock Absorber
for All terrain Vehicle
Guided By: Dr. Atul Patil Presented By: Ashwini Biradar
Abstract

Shock absorber is a mechanical device designed to smooth out or damp shock

impulse, and dissipate kinetic energy. In a vehicle, it reduces the effect of traveling
over rough ground, leading to improved ride quality, and increase in comfort due to
substantially reduced amplitude of disturbances. In this work suspension system is
designed and a 3D model is created using CATIA V5 R21. The analysis is done by
considering loads, bike weight, and single, double riding. Modal analysis is done to
determine the displacements for different frequencies for number of modes. Finally
comparison is done for different materials to verify best material for spring in Shock
absorber. Modeling is done in CATIA and analysis is done in ANSYS.
Contents

1. Introduction
2. Literature Survey
3. Problem Statement
4. Objectives
5. Methodology
6. Design/Analytical Approach
7. Possible Outcomes
8. Conclusion & Discussion
9. References
 Introduction
 A shock absorber is a mechanical device which is used to eliminate or damp sudden
shock waves in a system. Pneumatic and hydraulic shock absorbers commonly take the
form of a cylinder with a sliding piston inside.

 Driving comfort and manoeuvrability are the primary design objectives in development
of an automobile’s shock-isolation system which transmit fewer amounts of vibrations to
the person sitting on the vehicle.

 Shock absorber subjected to the vibratory forces is a necessary component in the vehicle
suspension system. It is an example of under damped vibration system; creating the
vibrations under the external loading on it.
Working of Shock Absorber

 Inside the shock absorber there’s a piston that moves inside a

tube that is filled with oil. As the piston moves, the oil is forced
through tiny holes and valves within the piston, precisely
controlling the amount of resistance to movement. This
resistance to the motion converts the energy into heat.
Function of Shock Absorber

The main function of the shock absorber is to absorb the shocks and damp them
as soon as possible so that a smooth ride can be obtained.

Some other important functions of shock absorber are

→ It limits vehicle body movement
→ It stabilizes our ride as discussed above
→ It stabilizes vehicle tires which are disturbed due to sudden shock, hence it is
very important for safety purpose also
→ It also minimizes tire and body wear of the automobile and hence reduces
overall maintenance cost
 Literature Survey

Sr. Title Published by Author Conclusion

No.
1. Design and Analysis of 2016 International Shijil P. et al The paper describe about designing and Analyzing
Suspension System for an Journal of Scientific suspension of All Terrain Vehicle. The primary
all Terrain Vehicle & Engineering objective of this paper was to identify the design
Research parameters of a vehicle with a proper study of vehicle
dynamics.
2. Design of Shock Absorber 2014 International Ajay I. et al 1. As load increases at constant speed, the
Test Rig for Measurement Journal of Scientific transmissibility of system goes on increasing.
and Analysis of & Engineering 2. When speed increases at constant load, the
Transmissibility Research transmissibility of the system goes on increasing.

3. Design and Analysis of International Dhiraj The stiffness of this system varies as per road
Hydropneumatic Journal of Modern Lokhande. Et conditions quickly which helps us to get a smooth and
Suspension system Trends in al safe ride. Thus, it improves the life of vehicle, health
Engineering and of the passengers.
Research
4. Damper basic equations Kaz Technologies Kaz From this I understood basic calculations of damping
Technologies force and Gas Pressure.
Problem Identification

 Required specifications : BAJA ATV is light and compact type vehicle so it is

difficult to get shock absorber which exactly meet the required specifications .

 Cost and availability: Off road ATVs shocks are very expensive and difficult to
get in local market. Which ultimately raises the cost of vehicle.

 Weight : OEM shocks are made up for heavy duty vehicles so it is necessary
withstand high load, therefore overall weight of the components is high.

 Serviceability: Imported components doesn’t allow in-house serviceability

Objectives
 Design of the hydraulic shock absorber, it involves,
1. Structural Design
2. Dynamic Modelling

 Simulation analysis it involves,

1.Vehicle body displacement
2. Force transmitted to vehicle body

 Experimental test, it involves

1. Examining the performance of the system under different dynamic conditions
2. Tuning the gas pressure according to various dynamic condition
 Identifying Targets and Problems in
Commercial Shock Absorber

Methodology Mathematical calculations of all the

parameters

Forces and Load study of Material Study and Selection of

components and Theoretical Material
Design of Components

3D Modeling of Components by
using CATIA V5R20 and Solid work

Topological optimization, Force and Vibration

Analysis Using ANSYS Workbench

Manufacturing and Fabrication Of

Components

Tuning of Shock Absorber

Testing and Validation of Components
According to Varies Dynamic
& Overall System
Conditions
Design/Analysis Approach

 Force and load consideration - To find the force and load coming on the shock
absorber and entire suspension system.

 Design and optimization of parts - Designing of the parts according

development perspective and considering forces. Design is carried out
theoretically and the modeling is done in CATIA V5 R20 and solid works.

 Simulation and Analysis -Rebound and compression response is monitor by

using LOTUS SHARK simulation software. And Static structural analysis is
carried out by using ANSYS WORKBECH 19.1.

 Tuning approach - Tuning of shock absorber according to track condition.

Possible Outcomes

 Focal aim of the project is to optimize the performance of the shock absorber,
following outcomes could be possible from project.

1. Improved ride quality of the all terrain vehicle.

2. Optimized performance of shock absorber during cornering and bump-drop
condition.
3. variable stiffness according to ground condition.
4. comparatively low weight which reduce unsprung mass.
Conclusion & Discussion

 The shock absorber is to be design to damp the max possible shock and vibration.

 So it is necessary to have the optimized which gives balanced performance .

Project planning
Month Work
Sept 2019 Survey of Project & Finalise Title
Oct 2019 Study & Literature Review
Nov 2019 Case Study & Project Stage I Report file
Dec 2019 Analytical Calculations & Study
Jan 2020 Simulation of Model
Feb 2020 Fabrication
March 2020 Experimental Study
April 2020 Final Report
May 2020 Finalise Project
 References
 [1]Rao and Gruenberg, ”Measurement of equivalent stiffness and damping of shock absorbers”
,Michigan Technological University, pp. 1-3

 [2]Y.Ping.”Experimental and mathematical evaluation of dynamic behaviour of an oil-air coupling

shock absorber”, Elseveir, vol.17, Issue no.6,pp.1367-79,2003

 [3]A.K.Samantray,”Modelling and analysis of preloaded liquid spring/damper shock absorber”,

Simulation modelling practice and theory, vol.17,pp. 309-325,2009

 [4]Peng et al., ”The force transmissibility of MDOF structures with a non linear viscous damping
device”, International journal of non linear mechanics, Elsevier, vol.46, pp.1305-14,2011

 [5]W.J.Hsueh.”Vibration transmissibility of a unidirectional multidegree of freedom system and

multiple dynamic behaviour”, Journal of sound and vibration, vol.229, Issue no.4, pp793-05, 2000