Automobile Engineering

TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS
 Details of Faculty

• Course PPT Prepared by:

• Mr.Y.Sureshbabu,ME,(Phd),PDAuE,MISTE
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Sri Eshwar College of Engineering
Transmission system

• It is a system by means of which power developed by the

engine is transmitted to the road wheels to propel the
vehicle
Purpose of transmission system

• To transmit the power from engine to rear wheel

smoothly without vibration.
• It enables the reduction of wheel speed at different load
condition.
 Components of transmission
system
• Clutch
• Gear box
• Slip joint
• Universal joint
• Propeller shaft
• Final drive
• Differential unit
• Rear axle
Components of transmission
system
 Clutch
clutch is a mechanism which enables the rotary
motion of one shaft to be transmitted at will to
second shaft
Clutch

• Clutch is device which is used to connect or disconnect

the engine from the rest of transmission elements
• It is located between engine and gear box
Purpose of the Clutch

• Allows engine to be disengaged from transmission for

shifting gears and coming to a stop
• Allows smooth engagement of engine to transmission

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Functions of clutch

• To transmit the power from engine to rear wheel

smoothly without jerking or shock
• It is used to connect or disconnect the power Whenever
the required time (gear Shifting time)
Types of clutch

• 1.Friction clutch
(i) single plate
(ii) Multi plate
(iii) cone clutch
• 2.centrifugalclutch
• 3. fluid flywheel
 Friction Clutches
A clutch enables two co-axial shafts to be engaged or
disengaged while at rest or in relative motion.
 Types of Friction
Clutches
1. Disc or plate clutches
2. Cone clutches
3. Centrifugal clutches
Single plate clutch (or) diaphragm clutch
Clutch Linkage
Clutch components
• Flywheel – mounts to the engine crankshaft
• Clutch Disk – the friction material assembly that provides easy
engagement and firm torque transference
• Pressure Plate – also known as “Clutch Cover” – this is the
spring-loaded surface that locks the clutch
• Throw-out Bearing – also known as “Release Bearing”
• Pilot bearing –centers and supports the transmission input
shaft
• Clutch Cable – mechanical release mechanism for some
vehicles
• Clutch Master Cylinder – force-multiplying cylinder for vehicles
with hydraulic release mechanisms
• Clutch Slave Cylinder – used along with a Master Cylinder for
hydraulic release mechanisms
 Clutch plate or friction plate
Torsional Friction lining
springs

Splined boss
(hub)
Pressure plate and housing
Clutch
housing

Diaphragm
spring

Pressure
plate
 Clutch housing

• It is mounted on the flywheel

• Flywheel is mounted on crank
shaft

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 Splines to input shaft
Of transmission
Clutches

• 44-3 Construction of the

Clutch
Clutch Disk or
Friction Disk

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Pilot Bushing or bearing

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 Pressure plate & cover
bolt to flywheel
Clutches

Flywheel bolts
to crankshaft

When
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VHS AUTO 12/2001
Single plate clutch
Flat-plate friction clutches
Friction plate
springs
W W (axial thrust)
Driving T
shaft
T Driven
shaft
Friction
Pressure lining
plates
Single-plate Friction Clutch (Disengaged position)
Flat-plate friction clutches

Friction plate springs

W W (axial thrust)
Driving shaft T

T Driven shaft

Pressure plates Friction lining

Single-plate Friction Clutch (Engaged position)

Multi plate clutches
In a multi plate clutch, the torque is transmitted by
friction between several pairs of co-axial annular
driving faces maintained in contact by an axial
thrust.
Both sides of each plate are lined with friction
material, so that a single-plate clutch has two pairs
of driving faces in contact.
 Multiple plate friction
clutch
This type of clutch has several driving members interleaved with several
driven members. It is used in motorcycles, automatic transmissions and
in some diesel locomotives with mechanical transmission. It is also used
in some electronically controlled all-wheel drive systems. It is the most
common type of clutch on modern types of vehicles.
Multi plate clutches

n = no. of pairs of driving faces.

Then, for a plate clutch, the maximum
torque transmitted is
T  nWrm
Multi plate clutch
Pressure plates

1 2 3 4 5 6

driver driven

No. of driving
pairs n = 6 Friction plates
Cone clutch
α = semi-apex angle of the
cone
α
Only one pair of driving
surfaces is possible, n =1
w
Driving Driven
shaft shaft
Friction
lining
The maximum torque transmitted = T = μWrm cosecα
 2.Centrifugal clutch F=mrω2

P
Driven
ω shaft

Driving ω
shaft
Friction lining

Total friction torque , T = nµR(F-P)

3.Fluid flywheel
Fluid flywheel

• The torque converter is a device which multiplies the engine

torque and also serves as automatic clutch to transfer the
engine torque to the transmission.
• The torque converter also functions like a fluid coupling.
• There are three basic parts of torque converter
1.Stator
2.Rotor (also called turbine runner) and
3.Impeller
 Fluid flywheel
• The impeller is directly connected to the engine crankshaft and
starts rotating as soon as the engine starts.
• The impeller has vanes on its inner side and is filled with fluid.
• The turbine runner is connected to the transmission input shaft. The
stator is a device which is located between impeller and turbine
runner and it is mounted on the one way clutch so as to provide the
rotation in one direction only.
• When the engine starts, the fluid inside the impeller starts rotating
and as the speed increases it starts flowing outwards on the vane
surface due to centrifugal force. Due to this high force, the fluid
moves towards the runner and strikes its vanes causing it to rotate
in the same direction. This rotates the transmission input shaft.
• The fluid in the turbine hits the vanes of stator which causes the
fluid to hit the vanes of impeller again and the cycle repeats.
• This function of stator causes the generation of torque to
approximately three times the normal transmission.
Thank You