COMPUTER

LANGUAGES
MACHINE LANGUAGE
MACHINE LANGUAGE

 The fundamental language of the computer processor also

called LOW LEVEL LANGUAGE.

 It is a set of instructions.

 All programs are converted into machine language.

MACHINE LANGUAGE

 Written as strings of binary 1’s and 0’s.

 It has two parts:

 Operation Code
 Operand
Assembly Line
Language
 Is a low level programming language.
 Has a very strong correspondence between the language and
the architecture's machine code instructions.
 specific to a particular computer architecture.
 called as symbolic machine code.
 converted into executable machine code by a utility program.
 The conversion process is referred to as assembly.
 computational step where an assembler is run.
 Many assemblers offer additional mechanisms to facilitate
program development.
ADVANTAGES OF ASSEMBLY
LANGUAGE

 Programs written in machine language are replaceable by

mnemonics which are easier to remember.
 Memory Efficient.
 It is not required to keep track of memory locations.
 Faster in speed.
 Easy to make insertions and deletions.
 Requires fewer instructions to accomplish the same result.
 DISADVANTAGES OF ASSEMBLY
LANGUAGE

 Long programs written in such languages cannot be executed

on small sized computers.
 It takes lot of time to code or write the program, as it is more
complex in nature.
 Difficult to remember the syntax.
 Lack of portability of program between computers of different
makes.
 No SDKs (System Development Kit).
HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE:

 The languages which a computer cannot understand

directly and are not machine dependent, are called High-
Level Languages (HLL).
 It enables a user to write programs in a language which
resembles English words and familiar mathematical
symbols.
 They are translated into low-level languages before
processing by the computer.
 HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE:

 COMPILER: Translates human readable program to

machine readable code.
 INTERPRETER: Takes the human readable program on
a line by line basis, converts it into machine readable code
and executes it right away.
COMMON HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGES:

 BASIC (Beginners All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code);

 COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language);
 FORTRAN (Formula Translator);
 PASCAL (Name of a Scientist);
 C (it does not stand for anything)
 JAVA
 PYTHON