ONE WAY ANOVA

1. ADINDA AYU SHANDRA

2. NOVELA ZULIA NINGSIH
3. NADIA ANDRIANI
4. YOLLA ALGHASANI
EXPLANATION
• A one-way ANOVA is a type of statistical test that compares
the variance in the group means within a sample whilst
considering only one independent variable or factor.
• It is a hypothesis-based test, meaning that it aims to evaluate
multiple mutually exclusive theories about our data. Before
we can generate a hypothesis, we need to have a question
about our data that we want an answer to.
For example:
If the researchers looked at walrus weight in December, January,
February and March, there would be four months analyzed, and
therefore four groups to the analysis.
What are the hypotheses of a One-Way ANOVA?

In a one-way ANOVA there are two possible hypotheses.

• The null hypothesis (H0) is that there is no difference between
the groups and equality between means. (Walruses weigh the
same in different months)
• The alternative hypothesis (H1) is that there is a difference
between the means and groups. (Walruses have different
weights in different months)
The Assumptions of the One-Way
ANOVA
• Representativeness. It is assumed that each sample is
representative of the population from which it has been drawn.
• Independent observations. Independent observations mean that
the scores within each sample are independent of one another.
• Interval or ratio scale of measurement. These concepts only have
meaning for data measured on a scale where the quantitative
distance between integers is held constant, namely, an interval or
ratio scale.
• The populations fromwhich the samples are taken are normally
distributed. This assumption states that each sample is drawn from
a population that is normally distributed.
• Homogeneity of variances. The variances of each population
2 2 2 2
distribution are the same; thus σ = σ =σ =…= σ , where k is the
1 2 3 𝑘
last group.
Anova one way variations
• between-group variations
If we conduct a study with two or more groups, the resulting
group means will almost never be identical.
e.g: variation between walrus and dugong.
• Within-group variations
It refers to the variation among scores within a group.
e.g: variation between walrus.
The use of anova one way
• Analysis of variance is widely used in studies that involve a lot
of comparative testing that is testing the dependent variable
by comparing it to the observed independent sample groups.
Analysis of variance is currently widely used in survey research
and experimental research.

• Analysis of variance is relatively easy to modify and can be

developed for various more complicated forms of
experiments. In addition, this analysis also still has a
relationship with regression analysis. As a result, its use is very
broad in various fields, ranging from laboratory experiments
to advertising experiments, psychology, and society.
Example
Three groups of research subjects to test which teaching method
is best. The first method is a lecture, the second method of
discussion and the third method of practice ... research data are
as follows:
I II III
25 17 26
11 16 20
16 18 17
26 20 26
32 10 43
25 14 46
30 19 35
17 34
18

Hypothesis from the data above are:

H0 = µ1 = µ2 = µ3

H1 = at least one µ is not the same.

From the values ​above obtained

X1 X2 X3 𝑿𝟏𝟐 𝑿𝟐𝟐 𝑿𝟑𝟐

25 17 26 625 289 676
11 16 20 121 256 400
16 18 17 256 324 289
26 20 26 676 400 676
32 10 43 1024 100 1849
25 14 46 625 196 2116
30 19 35 900 361 1225
17 34 289 1156
18 324
182 114 265 4516 1926 8711

T1= Sigma X1
T2= Sigma X2
T3= Sigma X3

g= T1+T2+T3
SIGMA X2= X12 + X22 + X32
The hypothesis to be tested is:
The level of significance used in this test was 95% or alpha 0.05.
Determination of degrees of freedom :
dk SSt = N-1
= 24-1 = 23
dk SSb = k – 1
=3–1=2

dk SSw = N – k
= 24 – 3
= 21

Dengan alpha 0,05, maka nilai F hitung adalah

F (2,21) = 3,47
 Sum of df Mean F F Table
Squares Square
SSb 686.474 2 343.237 5.327 3.47
SSw 1353.151 21 64.436

Total 2039.625 23
Example for SPSS
• A high school teacher
conducts research on
the advantages of
teaching methods with
several winning
methods.

• When does the data

obtained in the table
aside, do the methods
used previously have
the same results?