Prof. AJAY B.

BALAR
Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology,
Rajkot (Gujarat)
Outlines:
 Introduction

 Types of Electrical Machines

 Types of 3-Ph induction motor

 Basic Principle

 Working Principle

 Compnents of induction motor

 Application

 Comparision between 1-ph I.M. & 3-ph I.M.

 Electrical Machines are Electromechanical
energy converson devices.

 Electrical motor coverts electrical energy into

mechanical energy and electrcal generators
are vice versa.

 Most of the Industrial load are inductive,

especially 3-ph induction motors are widely
used in industrial applications for continious
operation.
1.AC Machines
2.DC Machines

AC Machines:-
 1-Ph Induction Motor
 3-Ph Induction Motor
 Synchronous motor
 1- Ph Transformer
 3-ph Transformer
 Altrnator or AC Generator
DC Machines:-

-DC Motor
-DC Generator

DC Motor:
 DC Shunt Motor
 DC Series Motor
 DC Compound Wound Motor

DC Generator
 DC Shunt Generator
 DC Series Generator
 DC Compound Wound Generator
 Principle of Operation
 A Rotating Magnetic field (RMF) is set up in the
stator when a 3- Phase supply is given.

 The stationary rotor cut the revolving field and

due to electromagnetic induction an e.m.f. is
induced in the rotor conductor.

 As the rotor conductor is short circuited current

flows through them.

 It becomes a current carrying conductor in

magnetic field and start rotating.
 Slip of an Induction Motor

 Induction motor rotor always rotate at a speed less than

synchronous speed.

The difference between the flux (Ns) and the rotor speed (N) is
called slip.

 % Slip (s) = Ns – N *100

Ns
Where Ns=Synchronous Speed
N= Actual Speed of rotor

 Slip speed = Ns – N
 Frame
 Stator

 Stator Winding

 Rotor

 Rotor Winding

 Cooling Fan

Bearings

Frame:
Frame provides mechanical support to the stator and rotor.
It is made from casting materials.
Stator:
It is stationary part of induction motor.
It consists stator winding
It is housed on the motor frame.
Arrangement of stator in 3-Ph induction motor are given below:-
Image of Rotor & Stator Winding of 3 phase
Induction Motor
 Components of 3-ph Induction
Motor
 Rotor:-

 It is the rotating part of the induction motor.

 It is housed on the shaft of the induction motor.

 It has two ends, one is called Driving end and another is called non-
Driving end.
 Mechanical load is connected on driving end while cooling fan is
connected on non-driving end.

 Both the ends are connected with bearings for free rotation means
of reduced friction losses.

 Arrangement of rotor of induction motor are given below:

Stator Windings:
 Star connected

 Delta connected

Rotor Windings:
 It is wound as rotor bars and short circuited
at both the ends through end rings.
 According to rotor construction it can be
Classified in two category according to rotor
Construction:-

1. Squirrel cage induction motor

2. Slip ring induction motor

Squirrel cage Induction Motor:-

 Most of the application of industrial as well as domestic are this type of induction motor.

 Its construction is simple and rugged.

 Cheap copare to slipring IM

 Maintainance is easy

 Cost is less compare to slipring IM

 Can use at explosive area

 Starting torque is low compare to slip ring IM

 Application:-
 Leath machine, Compressors,centrifugal pump, in agriculture etc. where cost is most
important factor
Slipring Induction Motor:-

 It has high starting torque compare to squirrel cage IM

 Construction is complicated
 Maintanance cost is high compare to squirrel cage IM
 Starter requires compulsory
 Can not use at explosive area
 Application:-
 Crane,hoist,lift and wherehigh starting torque is required