Ceramics

Group 5:
Abendaño, Joy
Agnote, Abigail
Baldovino, Ariel
Corbantes, Paul Mikie
Herilla, Abegail
Malijan, Juvy Mae
Matienzo, Ronalyn
 Ceramics
• A ceramic is an inorganic non-metallic solid made up
of either metal or non-metal compounds that have
been shaped and then hardened by heating to high
temperatures.
• A wide-ranging group of materials whose ingredients
are clays, sand and felspar.
 Clays
Contain some of the following:
• Silicon & Aluminium as silicates
• Potassium compounds
• Magnesium compounds
• Calcium compounds

Sand contains Silica and Feldspar or Aluminium

Potassium Silicate.
 Types of Ceramics
• Porcelain
– An ancient type of ceramics that developed in
China as early as the Shang dynasty of 1600-1046
BC. Porcelain comes in many varieties that are
based on heating a clay mineral known as kaolin in
a klin, a type of oven.
• Strong • Thermal shock
• Hard resistant
Properties •
•
Durable
Chemical resistant
• Heat resistant
• Premium tableware • Bathroom fixtures

Uses • Pottery
• Decorative item
• Power transformer
 Porcelain

Chinese Porcelain
 Types of Ceramics
• Whitewares
– any of a broad class of ceramic products that are white
to off-white in appearance and frequently contain a
significant vitreous, or glassy, component.
• imperviousness to fluids,
• low conductivity of electricity,
Properties •
•
chemical inertness,
an ability to be formed into complex shapes.

Including products as diverse as:

• fine china dinnerware,
Uses • lavatory sinks and toilets,
• dental implants,
• and spark-plug insulators.
 Whiteware

Chinese Whitewares
 Types of Ceramics
• Refractories
– are insulating materials and are designed to withstand
high stresses and temperatures and must also resist the
effects of molten metals, abrasive particles and hot gases.
• Bulk Density
• Cold Crushing Strength
• Modulus of Rupture (MOR) – Tensile Strength
• Apparent Porosity

Properties •
•
Thermal Shock Resistance
Reversible Thermal Expansion and Permanent Linear
Change
• Thermal Conductivity
• Abrasion Resistance

Refractory materials are used in:

• linings for furnaces, • crucibles and moulds
Uses • kilns,
• incinerators
• surfacing flame deflector
systems
• reactors
 Refractories

Fire Resistant Bricks Furnace Lining

 Types of Ceramics
• Advanced Ceramics
– Applied as thermal barrier coatings to protect metal
structures, wearing surfaces, or as integral components by
themselves.
Properties:
Flexural strength  Corrosion resistance
Biocompatibility  Food compatibility
 Piezo-electricity and dynamics
Chemical resistance  Temperature resistance
Density and stiffness  Thermal shock and fluctuation resistance
 Metalization (joining technology)
Compressive strength
 Wear resistance
Electrical insulation  Thermal expansion
Dielectric strength  Thermal insulation
 Thermal conductivity
Hardness
 Uses of Advanced Ceramics
• Structural Ceramics
– Structural ceramics are usually formed by extrusion,
sometimes followed by plastic pressing, whereas
plastic pressing is typically used in forming roof tiles
and vases, and to a lesser extent in forming bricks and
special pieces.
Examples: Wear parts, bioceramics, cutting tools,
engine components, armour.
• Electrical Ceramics / Electroceramics
– Electroceramics is a class of ceramic materials used
primarily for their electrical properties.
Examples: Capacitors, insulators, integrated circuit
packages, piezoelectrics, magnets and superconductors
 Uses of Advanced Ceramics
• Ceramic Coating
– A nonmetallic, inorganic coating made of sprayed
aluminum oxide or of zirconium oxide, or a cemented
coating of an intermetallic compound, such as aluminum
disilicide, of essentially crystalline nature, applied as a
protective film on metal to protect against temperatures
above 1100°C.
Examples: Engine components, cutting tools, and
industrial wear parts
 Advanced Ceramics

Ceramic Capacitor
Bioceramic

Rotor (Alumina)
 Consisting of Ceramics
• Abrasives
– An abrasive is a material, often a mineral, that is used to
shape or finish a workpiece through rubbing which leads
to part of the workpiece being worn away by friction.
The most important physical properties of materials that
qualify as abrasives are:
• hardness, toughness (or rigidity),
Properties • grain shape and size,
• character of fracture (or cleavage),
• and purity (or uniformity).
• Buffing • Polishing
• Honing • Cutting
Uses •
•
Drilling
Grinding
• Sharpening

• Sanding
 Abrasives

Oilstone Abrasive Paper

(Sandpaper)
 Consisting of Ceramics
• Cements
– A cement is a binder, a substance used for construction
that sets, hardens, and adheres to other materials to bind
them together.
• Fineness of cement • Heat of hydration
• Soundness • Loss of ignition
Properties •
•
Consistency
Strength
•
•
Bulk density
Specific gravity
• Setting time (Relative density)

• Mortar for plastering, • Concrete

masonry work, pointing • Construction
• Making joints for • Foundations
Uses drains and pipes
• Water tightness
of structure
 Cement

Cement
 Ceramic Forming Techniques

• Slipcasting
– Slipcasting or slip casting is a ceramic forming
technique for the mass-production of pottery and
other ceramics, especially for shapes not easily
made on a wheel.
– Slip-casting methods provide superior surface
quality, density and uniformity in casting high-
purity ceramic materials over other ceramic
casting techniques, such as hydraulic casting, since
the cast part is a higher concentration of pure
ceramic powder with little additives.
 Slip Casting

Slip Casting Process Flow

 Ceramic Forming Techniques

• Ceramic Shell Casting

– The technique involves a successive wet dipping
and dry powder coating or stucco to build up the
mold shell layer. The shell casting method in
general is known for dimensional stability and is
used in many net-casting processes for aerospace
and other industries in molten metal casting.
 Ceramic Shell Casting

Ceramic Shell Casting Process Flow

 Ceramic Forming Techniques

• Handbuilding
– Handbuilding is an ancient pottery-making
technique that involves creating forms without a
pottery wheel, using the hands, fingers, and
simple tools. The most common handbuilding
techniques are pinch pottery, coil building, and
slab building.
 Handbuilding

Handbuilding of a pot
 Ceramic Forming Techniques

• Tape Casting
– Tape casting (also called doctor blading and knife
coating) is a casting process used in the
manufacture of thin ceramic tapes and sheets
from ceramic slurry. The ceramic slurry is cast in a
thin layer onto a flat surface and then dried
and sintered.
 Tape Casting

Tape Casting Process Flow

 Ceramic Forming Techniques

• Gel Casting
– Gel casting is a direct foaming technique used to
produce ceramic and polymeric scaffolds.
– Gel casting is a combination of the traditional
method of forming ceramic materials
from casting slips with the polymerization
reaction.
 Gel Casting

Gel Casting Process Flow

 Ceramic Forming Techniques

• Ceramic Injection Moulding

– Injection moulding ceramics begins with very fine
ceramic powders which are compounded with
polymer binders to a feedstock. During moulding,
binder melts, plasticizes and carries the ceramic
powder into the mould.
– ceramic injection moulding can produce near net
complex shapes as a cost-effective engineering
solution.
 Ceramic Injection Moulding

Ceramic Injection Moulding Process Flow