Today, the trend in Health Science Education is

geared towards Outcome- Based and Community-

based Program – responsive to the present needs of
communities and people. These communities and
people are intensively involved in the planning and
implementing activities and programs for their own
health care.
Common Causes of Deaths in the United States - A well Developed Country

2011 2016
1. Diseases of the Heart (Heart Diseases) Heart disease
2. Malignant Neoplasms (Cancer) Cancer
3. Chronic Lower respiratory Disease Accidents
4. Cerebrovascular diseases (Stroke) Chronic lower respiratory disease
5. Unintentional Injuries (Accidents) Stroke
6. Alzheimer’s disease Alzheimer’s Disease
7. Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Mellitus
8. Pneumonia Influenza and pneumonia
Common Causes of Deaths in the Philippines (A Developing Country)

2010 2017
Diseases of the Heart Ischemic Heart Disease
Diseases of the Vascular System Stroke
Malignant Neoplasms Lower respiratory Infections
Pneumonia Chronic Kidney Disease
Accidents Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis of all Forms Diabetes
Chronic Lower respiratory Disease Neonatal Disorders
Diabetes Mellitus Hypertensive Heart
Disease
Nephritis, Nephrosis Chronic Obstructive Lung
Disease
 Public health is the science of protecting and improving
the health of people and their communities. Public health is
community health.
“ the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and
promoting human health through organized efforts and informed
choices of society.
“ the science of protecting the safety and improving
the health of people and communities through education,
policy making and research for disease and injury prevention.
MEASURES / INDICATORS OF PUBLIC HEALTH
Mortality
Numbers and rates of deaths have been used for centuries to
measure burden and to compare the impact of diseases.

Example is the United States, the leading causes of death are:

Chronic diseases - cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic lung disease,
and diabetes, followed closely by unintentional injuries and influenza.

Age-specific mortality rates. For example is infant deaths are dominated

by congenital anomalies, short gestation, and sudden infant death
syndrome (SIDS); young adults are killed primarily by intentional and
unintentional injuries.
Ethnicity - stratification of mortality data by race
helps to quantify health disparities.
• Blacks suffer higher rates of death in almost all
leading causes
• Hispanics for diabetes
• American Indians for unintentional injury
• Asians for cerebrovascular disease
Morbidity
- number or rate of non-fatal outcomes (e.g., the number of incident
cases)
• Rates of hospitalization - used to estimate disease burden among a
population. Hospitalization rates have the relatively easy to obtain
and are useful for certain analyses.
- heart disease is the leading cause of entry hospitalization,
followed in order by childbirth, psychoses, pneumonia, cancer,
and fractures. (U.S)
• Measurement of disability provides another morbidity
dimension to the burden of non-fatal health problems.

- Bone and joint pain, most often caused by arthritis

Projections for the middle of the 21st century based on the
statistical analyses in the world
• Population increase by approximately 40% to more than 400
million persons. - USA

• More than 20% of the population will be over 65 years, an

increase from 12.5% in 2003. USA

• Because of persisting inequities in health status, these

demographic changes will have a dramatic impact on health.
PHILS.
• An older population will suffer from more chronic disease,
• 2/3 of adults with multi-morbidity
• Aging population (85 Y/O) to double by next 2o years - UK

• Prevalent cases of Alzheimer’s disease, will more than

double by 2030.- US

• Similar projections have been made for obesity, diabetes

mellitus, chronic lung disease, and other chronic
conditions.
In the Philippines, health status has improved
dramatically over the last forty years:
• infant mortality has dropped by two thirds,

• the prevalence of communicable diseases has

fallen,

• life expectancy has increased to over 70 years.

Despite the improvements in health, still many problems arise:
• inequities in health care access due to the high cost of
accessing and using health care.
• some rural and poor areas still face critical shortages of
health manpower.
• Inefficiency in service delivery persists
• Implementation challenged by decentralized environment.
• Presence of a large private sector - variation in the quality
of services across the country.
• Preventive healthcare - measures taken for disease prevention.
• disease and disability, are affected by environmental factors,
disease agents, genetic predisposition, and lifestyle choices .
• Disease prevention relies on anticipatory actions that can be
categorized as primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
• Type of healthcare includes :
screenings, exams, tests, and immunizations that identify health
problems early on so one can take action to before it becomes chronic
 In many schools all over the world, Integrative Medicine
Program (IMP) was developed to incorporate integrative medicine
(IM), public health, and preventive medicine principles into a
comprehensive curriculum for preventive medicine.

And this had been adopted by all medical allied health professions.
1) increase the preventive medicine workforce skill based in
complementary and alternative medicine that would address
individual and population health issues;
2) address the increasing demand for evidence-based curricula
by training physicians, nurses, midwives, medical laboratory
technicians and other professions to implement cost-effective
primary and secondary prevention services and programs; and

3) share lessons learned, curriculum evaluations, and best

practices with the larger cohort of funded programs.
 PHILIPPINE HEALTH AGENDA 2016 – 2022
Healthy Philippines 2022

GOALS
The Health System We Aspire For
BETTER HEALTH
FINANCIAL PROTECTION RESPONSIVENESS
OUTCOMES
Filipinos, especially the Filipinos attain the best Filipinos feel respected,
poor, marginalized, and possible health valued, and empowered
vulnerable are protected outcomes with no in all of their interaction
from high cost of health disparity with the health system
care
VALUES
The Health System We Aspire For
USES RESOURCES EFFICIENTLY PROVIDES HIGH QUALITY
SERVICES
EQUITABLE & INCLUSIVE TO TRANSPARENT &
ALL ACCOUNTABLE
 During the last 30 years of Health Sector Reform, we have
undertaken key structural reforms and continuously built on programs
that take us a step closer to our aspiration.
Milestones

Devolution Use of Generics Milk Code PhilHealth

DOH resources to Fiscal autonomy Good Governance Funding

promote local health for government Programs (IAO, IMC,
( ) for UHC
system development
hospitals PGS)
Persistent Inequities in Health Outcomes
Every year, around A Filipino child born to Three out of 10
2000 mothers die the poorest family is 3 children are
due to pregnancy- times more likely to not Stunted.
related reach his 5th birthday,
complications. compared to one born
to the richest family
Poor quality and undignified care
with public clinics and hospitals

Long wait times Limited autonomy to Less than hygienic

choose provider restrooms, lacking
Privacy and amenities
confidentiality taken Poor record-keeping
lightly Overcrowding & under-
provision of care
ALL FOR HEALTH, HEALTH FOR ALL

• UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE

• STRENGTHEN IMPLEMENTATION OF RPRH
LAW
• WAR AGAINST DRUGS
• ADDITIONAL FUNDS FROM PAGCOR
Guarantee 1: All Life Stages & Triple Burden of Disease

Pregnant Newborn Infant Child Adolescent Adults Elderly

 NON
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES OF RAPID
COMMUNICABLE URBANIZATION &
DISEASES DISEASES &
INDUSTRIALIZATION
MALNUTRITION
12

• HIV/AIDS, TB, Malaria • Diseases for Elimination • Dengue, Lepto, Ebola,

Zika • Injuries • Substance abuse • Mental Illness • Pandemics, Travel
Medicine • Health consequences of climate change / disaster • Cancer,
Diabetes, Heart Disease and their Risk Factors – obesity, smoking, diet,
sedentary lifestyle • Malnutrition
Guarantee 2: Services are delivered by networks that are:
• FULLY FUNCTIONAL (Complete Equipment, Medicines, Health
Professional)
• COMPLIANT WITH CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES
• AVAILABLE 24/7 & EVEN DURING DISASTERS
• LOCATED CLOSE TO THE PEOPLE (Mobile Clinic or Subsidize
Transportation Cost)
• ENHANCED BY TELEMEDICINE
Guarantee 3: Services are financed predominantly by PhilHealth
• 100% of Filipinos are members
PHILHEALTH AS THE GATEWAY • Formal sector premium paid through
TO FREE AFFORDABLE CARE payroll Non-formal sector premium
paid through tax subsidy
• No balance billing for the poor/basic
SIMPLIFY PHILHEALTH RULES accommodation & Fixed co-payment for
non-basic accommodation

PHILHEALTH AS MAIN REVENUE • No balance billing for the poor/basic

SOURCE FOR PUBLIC HEALTH accommodation & Fixed co-payment for
CARE PROVIDERS non-basic accommodation
Our Strategy

Advance quality, health promotion and

A primary care
1. Conduct annual health visits for all poor families and special
populations (NHTS, IP, PWD, Senior Citizens)
2. Transform select DOH hospitals into mega-hospitals with capabilities
for multi-specialty training and teaching and reference laboratory
3. Support LGUs in advancing pro-health resolutions or ordinances
(e.g. city-wide smoke-free or speed limit ordinances)
4. Establish expert bodies for health promotion and surveillance and
response
 Cover all Filipinos against health-related financial
C risk
1. Raise more revenues for health, e.g. impose health promoting taxes
2. Expand PhilHealth benefits to cover outpatient diagnostics,
medicines, blood and blood products aided by health technology
assessment
3. Update costing of current PhilHealth case rates to ensure that it
covers full cost of care and link payment to service quality
4. Enhance and enforce PhilHealth contracting policies for better
viability and sustainability
H Harness the power of strategic HRH development
1. Revise health professions curriculum to be primary care-oriented and
responsive to local and global needs
2. Streamline HRH compensation package to incentivize service in high-
risk or GIDA areas
3. Update frontline staffing complement standards from profession-
based to competency-based
4. Make available fully-funded scholarships for HRH hailing from GIDA
areas or IP groups
5. Formulate mechanisms for mandatory return of service schemes for
all heath graduates
 I Invest in eHealth and data for decision-making
1. Mandate the use of electronic medical records in all health
facilities
2. Make online submission of clinical, drug dispensing,
administrative and financial records a prerequisite for
registration, licensing and contracting
3. Nationwide surveys, streamline information systems, and
support efforts to improve local civil registration and vital
statistics
4. Facilitate ease of access of researchers to available data
 Enforce standards, accountability and
E transparency
1. Publish health information that can trigger better
performance and accountability
2. Set up dedicated performance monitoring unit to
track performance or progress of reforms
 Value all clients and patients, especially the poor,
V marginalized, and vulnerable
1. Prioritize the poorest 20 million Filipinos in all health programs
and support them in non-direct health expenditures
2. Set up participation and redress mechanisms
3. improve transparency of processes at all DOH health facilities
4. Eliminate queuing, guarantee decent accommodation and clean
restrooms in all government hospitals
 Elicit multi-sectoral and multi-stakeholder
E
support for health
1. Work with other national government agencies to address social
determinants of health

2. Make health impact assessment and public health management

plan -a prerequisite for initiating large-scale, high-risk infrastructure
projects

3. Collaborate with Chief Security Officers and other stakeholders on

budget development, monitoring and evaluation
HEALTH AWARENESS CALENDAR
Republic of South Africa
June
• National Child Protection Week 28
• International Day of Action for Women's Health 31
• World No Tobacco Day
• Men’s Health Month
• National Blood Donor Month
HEALTH AWARENESS CALENDAR
United States
June
 Alzheimer’s and Brain Awareness Month
 Cataract Awareness Month
 Hernia Awareness Month
 Men’s Health Month
 Myasthenia Gravis Awareness Month
 National Aphasia Awareness Month
 National Congenital Cytomegalovirus Awareness Month
 National Safety Month
HEALTH AWARENESS CALENDAR
Philippines
July
• Filariasis Mass Drug Administration
• National Blood Donors Month
• National Deworming Month
• Nutrition Month
• World Population Day
• National Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation
Week
 UUniversal Health Care
• The Universal Health Care Law that I signed
today will guarantee equitable access to
quality and affordable health Care services for
all Filipinos. . .
• PresHealt
“IF THE PLAN DOES NOT WORK, CHANGE THE
PLAN. BUT NEVER THE GOAL”
“SUCCESS IS THE SUM OF SMALL EFFORTS
REPEATED DAY IN AND DAY OUT
– MILTON BERLE”
Terima kasih