Chapter 02

Chapter 2
Fundamentals of the World Wide Web

and Internet
Discovering
Computers 2012
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World
Objectives Overview
Identify and briefly describe

various broadband Internet
Discuss the evolution of the connections and state Describe the types of Internet
Internet differences between broadband access providers
Internet connections and dial-
up connections
Describe how to use a search

Describe the purpose of an IP Explain the purpose of a Web engine to search for
address and its relationship to a browser and identify the information on the Web and
domain name components of a Web address differentiate between a search
engine and a subject directory
See Page 73 2
for Detailed Objectives Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Objectives Overview
Explain how Web pages use

Identify and briefly describe
Describe the types of Web graphics, animation, audio,
the steps required for Web
sites video, virtual reality, and
publishing
plug-ins
Explain how e-mail, mailing

lists, instant messaging,
Describe the types of e- Identify the rules of
chat rooms, VoIP,
commerce netiquette
newsgroups and message
boards, and FTP work
See Page 73 3
for Detailed Objectives Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
The Internet
• The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks

that links millions of businesses, government
agencies, educational institutions, and individuals
Page 74 4
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-1
Evolution of the Internet
• The Internet originated as ARPANET in September

1969 and had two main goals:
Allow scientists at
Function even if part of
different physical
the network were
locations to share
disabled or destroyed
information and work
by a disaster
together
Page 75 5
1986 NSF
connects
NSFnet to
1969 ARPANET and
ARPANET becomes 1996
becomes known as the Internet2 is
functional Internet founded
1984 1995 NSFNet Today More

ARPANET has terminates than 550
more than its network million hosts
1,000 on the connect to
individual Internet and the Internet
computers resumes
linked as status as
hosts research
network
Pages 75 - 76 6
• Each organization is responsible only for

maintaining its own network
– The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) oversees
research and sets guidelines and standards
• Internet2 connects more than 200 universities
and 115 companies via a high-speed private
network
Page 76 7
• Many home and small business users connect to

the Internet via high-speed broadband Internet
service
Fiber to
Cable Cellular Satellite
the Fixed
Internet DSL Radio Wi-Fi Internet
Premises wireless
service Network Service
(FTTP)
Page 76 8
• An access provider is a business that provides individuals

and organizations access to the Internet free or for a fee
Page 77 9
Figure 2-2
ISP (Internet Online service Wireless Internet

service provider) provider (OSP) service provider
Regional ISPs Provides wireless

provide Internet Has many members- Internet access to
access to a specific only features computers and
geographical area mobile devices
National ISPs Popular OSPs include

provide Internet AOL (America May require a
access in cities and Online) and MSN wireless modem
towns nationwide (Microsoft Network)
Page 78 10
Page 79 11
Figure 2-3
• An IP address is a number that uniquely identifies each

computer or device connected to the Internet
• A domain name is the text version of an IP address
– Top-level domain (TLD)
• A DNS server translates the domain name into its
associated IP address
Pages 79 – 80 12
Figure 2-4
Page 80 13
Figure 2-5
The World Wide Web
• The World Wide Web, or Web, consists of a

worldwide collection of electronic documents
(Web pages)
• A Web site is a collection of related Web pages
and associated items
• A Web server is a computer that delivers
requested Web pages to your computer
• Web 2.0 refers to Web sites that provide a means
for users to interact
Pages 80 - 81 14
The World Wide Web
• A Web browser, or browser, allows users to

access Web pages and Web 2.0 programs
Internet
Firefox Opera
Explorer
Google
Safari
Chrome
Page 81 15
Page 81 16
Figure 2-6
The World Wide Web
• A home page is the first • Some Web pages are

page that a Web site designed specifically for
displays microbrowsers
• Web pages provide links to
other related Web pages
– Surfing the Web
• Downloading is the
process of receiving
information
Pages 82 - 83 17
Figure 2-7 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
The World Wide Web
• A Web page has a unique address called a URL or

Web address
Pages 82 – 83 18
Figure 2-8
The World Wide Web
• Tabbed browsing allows you to open and view multiple

Web pages in a single Web browser window
Page 84 19
Figure 2-9
The World Wide Web
• Two types of search tools are search engines and

subject directories
Search Subject
engine directory
Classifies Web
Finds information
pages in an
related to a
organized set of
specific topic
categories
Page 85 20
Page 85 21
Figure 2-10
The World Wide Web
• A search engine is helpful in locating items such

as:
Images Videos Audio Publications
People or
Maps Blogs
Businesses
Page 85 22
Page 86 23
Figure 2-11
The World Wide Web
• Some Web browsers contain an Instant Search

box to eliminate the steps of displaying the search
engine’s Web page prior to entering the search
text
Page 87 24
Figure 2-12
The World Wide Web
• Search operators can help to refine your search
Page 87 25
Figure 2-13
The World Wide Web
• There are thirteen types of Web sites
Portal News Informational Business/Marketing
Blog Wiki Online Social Educational

Network
Pages 88 – 91 26
Figure 2-15
The World Wide Web
Entertainment Advocacy Web

Application
Content Personal
Aggregator
Pages 91 – 92 27
Figure 2-15
Video: Tell Your Stories via Vlog
CLICK TO START
28
The World Wide Web
• Information presented
on the Web must be
evaluated for accuracy
• No one oversees the
content of Web pages
Page 92 29
The World Wide Web
• Multimedia refers to any application that

combines text with:
Page 92 30
The World Wide Web
• A graphic is a digital
representation of
nontext information
• Graphic formats include
BMP, GIF, JPEG, PNG,
and TIFF
Page 93 31
The World Wide Web
• A thumbnail is a small
version of a larger
graphic
Page 94 32
The World Wide Web
• Animation is the appearance of motion created

by displaying a series of still images in sequence
Page 94 33
The World Wide Web
• Audio includes music, speech, or any other sound

– Compressed to reduce file size
• You listen to audio on your computer using a player
• Streaming is the process of transferring data in a
continuous and even flow
Pages 94 – 95 34
Figure 2-20
Page 95 35
Figure 2-21
The World Wide Web
• Video consists of images displayed in motion
Page 96 36
Figure 2-22
The World Wide Web
• Virtual reality (VR) is the use of computers to

simulate a real or imagined environment that
appears as a three-dimensional space
Pages 96 – 97 37
Figure 2-23
The World Wide Web
• A plug-in is a program that extends the capability

of a Web browser
Page 97 38
Figure 2-24
The World Wide Web
• Web publishing is the development and

maintenance of Web pages
Analyze
Maintain
Plan a and Create a Deploy a
a Web
Web site design a Web site Web site
site
Web site
Page 98 39
E-Commerce
• E-commerce is a business transaction that occurs

over an electronic network
– M-commerce identifies e-commerce that takes place
using mobile devices
Page 98 40
E-Commerce
Business-to-
consumer (B2C)
E-commerce
Business-to- Consumer-to-
business (B2B) consumer (C2C)
Pages 98 - 99 41
Page 99 42
Figure 2-25
Other Internet Services
• E-mail is the
transmission of
messages and files via a
computer network
• An e-mail program
allows you to create,
send, receive, forward,
store, print, and delete
e-mail messages
Page 101 43
Page 102 44
Figure 2-27
• A mailing list is a group of e-mail names and addresses

given a single name
– Subscribing adds your e-mail name and address
– Unsubscribing removes your name
Page 103 45
Figure 2-28
• Instant messaging (IM) is a real-time Internet

communications service
Page 104 46
Figure 2-29
• A chat is a real-time
typed conversation that
takes place on a
computer
• A chat room is a
location on an Internet
server that permits
users to chat with each
other
Page 105 47
Figure 2-30
• VoIP (Voice over IP)

enables users to speak
to other users over the
Internet
– Also called Internet
telephony
Page 106 48
Figure 2-31
• A newsgroup is an
online area in which
users have written
discussions about a
particular subject
– Typically requires a
newsreader
• A message board is a
Web-based type of
discussion group
Page 107 49
Figure 2-32
• FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard

that permits file uploading and downloading with
other computers on the Internet
• Many operating systems include FTP capabilities
• An FTP server is a computer that allows users to
upload and/or download files using FTP
Page 107 50
Netiquette
• Netiquette is the code of acceptable Internet

behavior
Page 108 51
Figure 2-33
Summary
Browsing, navigating,
History and structure of searching, Web
World Wide Web
the Internet publishing, and
e-commerce
Other Internet services:

e-mail, instant
messaging, chat rooms, Rules of netiquette
VoIP, newsgroups and
message boards, and FTP
Page 109 52
Chapter 2
Fundamentals of the World Wide Web
and Internet
Discovering
Computers 2012
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World
Chapter 2 Complete

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Chapter 2

Fundamentals of the World Wide Web

Identify and briefly describe

Describe how to use a search

Explain how Web pages use

Explain how e-mail, mailing

• The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks

• The Internet originated as ARPANET in September

1984 1995 NSFNet Today More

• Each organization is responsible only for

• Many home and small business users connect to

• An access provider is a business that provides individuals

ISP (Internet Online service Wireless Internet

Regional ISPs Provides wireless

National ISPs Popular OSPs include

• An IP address is a number that uniquely identifies each

• The World Wide Web, or Web, consists of a

• A Web browser, or browser, allows users to

• A home page is the first • Some Web pages are

• A Web page has a unique address called a URL or

• Tabbed browsing allows you to open and view multiple

• Two types of search tools are search engines and

• A search engine is helpful in locating items such

Images Videos Audio Publications

• Some Web browsers contain an Instant Search

• Search operators can help to refine your search

• There are thirteen types of Web sites

Portal News Informational Business/Marketing

Blog Wiki Online Social Educational

Entertainment Advocacy Web

• Multimedia refers to any application that

• Animation is the appearance of motion created

• Audio includes music, speech, or any other sound

• Video consists of images displayed in motion

• Virtual reality (VR) is the use of computers to

• A plug-in is a program that extends the capability

• Web publishing is the development and

• E-commerce is a business transaction that occurs

• A mailing list is a group of e-mail names and addresses

• Instant messaging (IM) is a real-time Internet

• VoIP (Voice over IP)

• FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard

• Netiquette is the code of acceptable Internet

Other Internet services:

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