 Phases of Quality Assurance and Statistical Process Control

Quality Control System

Quality Assurance
Phases of Quality Assurance
Inspection
To provide information concerning the


degree to which items conform to a

standard
Issues in Inspection:
How much to inspect and how
often
Where in the process to inspect
 Centralized v. On-site inspection

 specialized  Quicker decisions

equipment  avoidance of
 more favorable introduction of
testing extraneous factors
environment 
Attributes v. Variables Inspection
 yield pass/fail data  can be presented in
 defective/non- varying degrees
defective  e.g. length, height,

 Acceptable/non- thickness, tensile

acceptable strength
 count data  measured
Acceptance sampling are most often useful
Sampling Plan
Some different kinds of plans
Acceptable Quality Level
(AQL)
Lo ts a re d e fin e d a s
h ig h q u a lity if th e y co n ta in
n o m o re th a n a sp e cifie d
le ve l o f d e fe ctive s
Lot Tolerance Percent Defective (LTPD)
 Lots are defined as Low Quality
if the % of defectives is greater than
a specified amount

Type I and Type II Error
S ta tistica lPro ce ss
 S ta tistica lQ u a lity


C o n tro l C o n tro l
 Techniques  Techniques
 for testing a random  designed to evaluate
sample of output from quality from a
a process conformance view.
 to determine whether a  That is how well we are
process is producing doing at meeting the
items within a specifications that
prescribed range. have been set during
the design

Statistical Process Control

Process control
Variations and control
 C O N TR O L C H A RTS
en random variations in output and those which can be tra
Control charts for variables
Mean Control Charts
- Central Limit Theorem
- states thoroughly that the
distribution of sample means taken
from a process will be normal if the
process distribution is normal and it
will be approximately normal even if
the process is nonnormal, if the
sample size is large enough

Range Control Charts

- used to monitor process
variability
- sensitive to changes in
process dispersion.
Control charts for Attributes
p - Chart
- used to monitor the proportion of defectives
generated by a process

c - Charts
- used to monitor process variability
- sensitive to changes in process dispersion.
Run test

 A sequence
of observations
with a certain
characteristic,
followed by one or
more observations
with a different
characteristic