Building Services – I (Sanitation)

Prof. Ar. C. S. Dudgikar

1
Syllabus
Module - I
1. Design of drainage system at plot level
2. Inspection of Site

Module –II (Fittings)

1. Location
2. Classification
3. Working
4. Connection
5. Space requirements
6. Construction

2
Syllabus
Module – III (Traps)
1. Various Types
2. Materials

Module – IV ( Pipes)
1. Various Types
2. Fittings and Accessories
3. Workmanship
4. Piping Systems

3
Syllabus
Module – V (Chambers and Manholes)
1. Various Types of Chambers & Manholes
2. Construction
3. Manhole Covers
4. Connection to Central Drainage
5. Drops

Module – VI ( Alternate System of Digestion)

1. Design of Septic Tank
2. Vertical Subo Septic Tank
3. Two Pit Toilet
4. Bio gas Plants
5. Soak Pit Construction
4
Syllabus
Module – VII (Drains)
1. Construction and Maintenance
2. Testing of Drains
3. One Pipe System
4. Two Pipe System
5. Ventilation Of Drains

Module – VIII (Layout of Toilets)

1. Attached Toilets
2. Public Toilet for Gents
3. Public Toilet for Ladies
4. Ventilation of Toilets
5
Syllabus

6
A. Site inspection on first visit to site
1. Check if there is a central drainage
line on the road abutting the plot. If it is so
there will not be any necessity for septic
tank, and there will be one single drainage
line on the plot. Take exact location of
manhole or drop from the nearest site
boundary and the length of road surface
that will have to be cut to connect the line

7
A. Site inspection on first visit to site
2. If there is no central drainage system
available on the road abutting the plot, a septic
tank will become necessary. The house drainage
in that case shall consist of a soil line and a
waste line
3. Check the site for gradient: It will be
always beneficial to run the drainage line in the
direction of slope. If the road is at higher level,
check if the drainage line can reach the invert
level of the central drainage system.

8
A. Site inspection on first visit to site
4. Strata at site. Very weak soils like peat have
a low bearing capacity. Soils like black cotton
soil experience movement in vertical direction.
Marshlands, soil by the side of creeks, soils with
streams running underneath are subject to soil
erosion resulting in sinking action. In all such
soils drainage lines need to be properly
supported. In very hard soils the drainage line
excavations become very costly. These must be
considered at the planning stage

9
A. Site inspection on first visit to site
5. Waterways, wells etc at site. Waterways
near the site and the walls in the site and in
adjoining sites must be protected from
getting polluted due to drainage seeping into
it. The location of such sources of water
must be properly marked on site plan at the
time of inspection. It is necessary to plan the
soak pits at list 15 meters away from the
water bodies.

10
A. Site inspection on first visit to site
6. Trees etc at site. Large size trees grow
large roots and disturb the alignment of
drainage line. It is necessary to mark the
location of trees at site on the site plan
7. On site with existing building check if
there is an existing septic tank, location of
existing toilet blocks, etc

11
A. Site inspection on first visit to site
8. Roads with heavy traffic: Heavy traffic
roads existing at site should be marked on
site plan. Drainage line planned for crossing
these roads will involve excavation and
mending of surface. T he line in such a case
will have t be of heavy material. Hence it
may prove costly.

12
B. Planning of House Drainage
1. House drainage is the drainage inside the plot

2. The fittings in house drainage are classified as soil

fittings and waste fittings. The sewage from soil
fittings must be treated before it can be allowed to
seep in the ground. These are WCs, Urinals; slop
sinks used for cleaning bedpans in hospitals. The
sewage from the waste fittings will need no or very
little treatment before absorbing in the ground.
These are Wash Basins, bathtubs, bathrooms, shower
trays; floor drains for general toilet areas, kitchen
sinks, bidets, drinking water fountains etc.

13
B. Planning of House Drainage
3. When the plot abuts a road with central
drainage, and the house drainage can be
connected to that, the soil and waste fittings
are connected to one single set of drainage
line. If the plot does not abut a road with
central drainage system, a septic tank is
provided and all soil fittings are connected to
the septic tank. The waste fittings are
connected to a separate system that is
connected to a soak pit.

4. The outflow of septic tank is also connected to

the soak pit.
14
B. Planning of House Drainage
5. Following details shall be provided for

a) Each fitting in the building must have a trap next to

it. Traps effectively arrest the foul gasses formed in
the house drainage from coming into the building.

b) Each horizontal line as it emerges from the building

should have a plug to facilitate cleaning of horizontal
and vertical line.

c) Each vertical line must be received in a chamber at

ground level

15
B. Planning of House Drainage
d) Chambers must also be provided
i. at every junction between branch and main
line,
ii. at every turning of direction,
iii. at a distance of 10 meters along 6” diameter
line
iv. at the end of house drainage as the line enters
septic tank or leaves the plot to connect to the
central drainage system.
v. All chambers shall be air tight.
16
B. Planning of House Drainage
e) Adequate slopes must be provided to all
horizontal lines as
◦ 1 in 40 for 100 mm diameter pipe
◦ 1 in 60 for 150 mm diameter pipe
◦ 1 in 100 for 300 mm diameter pipe etc.
f) Gully traps may be provided in the first
waste water chamber when drainage line
gets connected to central drainage system
and acts as storm water system.
17
B. Planning of House Drainage
g) Disconnecting trap shall be provided in the last
drainage chamber.
h) Fresh air inlet shall be provided in the last chamber
and foul air outlets shall be provided at the highest
point.
i) The ducts provided shall be of adequate size.
j) The layout of drainage should be such that the lines
shall not pass trough parking or vehicular path as far
as possible. If so these pipes shall be concrete pipes.
These pipes must also be protected with concrete
paving.

18
B. Planning of House Drainage
k) The drainage line shall not pass close to the
trees.
l) When the line passes though plinth, it shall
have a chamber at either end of it, where it
enters and comes out of the plinth. No
joints should be provided under the plinth
as far as possible.

19
20
 Cockroach Trap

21
 PVC Gully Trap  Universal PVC Gully Trap

22
 Gully Trap Chamber
Construction

23
24
25
 Petrol Trap

26
27
28
 Deep Manhole 29
30
31