Terminologies

Abduction- taking away of person by force, usually to

minors, female, not necessarily with a demand for ransom.

Accident Investigation- process of ascertaining the

circumstance of the incident and whether there are implications
as to shortcomings in the design of performance of equipment,
local procedures or the competence, effectiveness, and
efficiency of the personnel and employees.

Active Barriers- a type of barrier designed normally at the

entrances of the building against threat vehicle or car bomb.
Air Cargo Security- designed to prevent and/or minimize losses
of commercial cargo during transit, storage or transfer.

Area of Responsibility AOR- specific place where the guards

on duty are stationed and detailed.

Arrest- the taking of person into custody in order that he may be

forthcoming to answer to answer for the commission of specific
offense.

Assault- the threat to strike.

Background Investigation- The process of checking an

individual character, general reputation, personal characteristics,
or mode of living for consideration of employment, promotion,
access to sensitive assets or for continued employment.
 Battery- the actual strike

Bank Security- a specialized type of physical security protecting

the assets, personnel and operation of the bank with special
emphasis on the precautions and measures to safeguard the cash
and asset while the storage, in transit and during transactions.

Bomb- any hollow projectile with the incendiary chemical

materials that may explode by means of concussion or by time
fuse.

Bomb Threat- a form of conveyance of any messages regarding

presence of bomb, whether it may be true or false, but intends to
create panic, fear or disorder. It is said that 95% of bomb threat are
hoax.
Business Continuity Plan- an ongoing process supported by senior
management and funded to ensure that the necessary steps are
taken to identify the impact or potential losses, maintain viable
recovery strategies and plans, and ensure the continuity of
operations through personnel training, plan testing, evaluation and
maintenance.

Civil Disturbance- disturbance of the piece either through the

formation of crowd, mob, spectators, riot, strikes and
rallies/protests that pose danger and create fear to the public.

Communication Security- Aspect of security where company

ensures that no unauthorized entry could be attributed against the
communication area through the application of various physical
security measures.
Competitive Intelligence- also called business intelligence, which
focus mainly in monitoring the external environment to the firm for
information that is relevant to the decision making process of the
company.

Force Multiplier- refers to the complex responsibility of private

security personnel where they duplicate the works of police in terms
of crime prevention, maintenance of peace and order, and protection
of lives and property.

General Investigation- a process of investigation where all

personnel of a given entity are subjected for one on one and closed
door interview with an independent private investigator.

Hazard- factors that bring about insecure condition to an asset: it is

a passive inimical act.
 Hazardous Material- run away experiments, storage accident
involving large quantities of substances. This could happen during
production, storage, transportation and disposal.

High Level Security- security designed to impede, detect and assess

unauthorized external and internal activities.

Identification- is an absolute control measure to prevent

unauthorized entry access to the facility.

Industrial Security- type of installation mainly focusing on

industrial plants and business enterprises where the personnel
processes, properties and operations are safeguard.
 Internal Scanning- examination and re examination of the
workplace as essential element to draw realistic and relevant plan
against loss of lives, property and personnel injuries.

Job Hazard Analysis- identifying the basic steps of job,

determining any existing or potential hazard.

Kidnapping- taking away of person by force against his/her will,

usually with a demand or ransom.

KRA- Key Result Area- expected output to an employee

necessary to ensure productivity.

Low –level Security- system designed to impede and detect

unauthorized activity that threatens safety.
Man made emergency- unlawful assemblies resulting to riots, gang
war, frat brawl, labor strikes large scale demonstration, utility
failures, bomb threats, shooting incidents, fire explosions and etc.

Maximum Security- to impede, detect, assess and neutralize all

unauthorized external and internal activities.

Medium Security- to impede, detect, assess and neutralize most

unauthorized external and internal activities.

Minimum Security- to impede unauthorized external activity,

which may be on form of simple intrusion or serious armed attacked.
Natural Access Control- refers to use of doors, fences and gates to
control access to your business or property. The intention is not to
necessarily stop the offender, but rather make your business look
like a riskier crime target.

Natural Surveillance- is a designed concept primarily at keeping

intruders under observation. This information is to teach people
how to facilitate observation and create the effect of an increased
perception of risk to the intruder.

Operational Management- focuses on the sets of activities that

create effective services by transforming inputs to outputs.

Operation Security- aspect of security where the company ensures

that all policies, rules, regulations, systems and procedures are
followed and enforced.
Observation- the complete and accurate awareness by an individual of his
surrounding and it composes the use of all major senses of an individual.

PADPAO- Philippine Association of Detective and Protective Agency

Operators, Inc.

Passive Barrier- designed against threat vehicle or car bomb and normally
installed permanently at the perimeter of the facility .

Personal Security- protection of personnel especially known personality

from harm and other passive inimical acts against his/her will.

Personnel- aspect of security where the company ensures that employees it

hires are capable, trustworthy, honest and loyal to the company.

Physical- any structure, facility, documents

Physical Security- these are kinds of barriers such as objects, equipment
or gadgets, which are used to protect the facility from unauthorized access
to the assets being protected.

Prevention- these are plans and processes that will allow an org to
avoid, preclude, or limit the impact of a crisis occurring.

Private Detective- person who perform and does detective work for hire,
reward or compensation and a non regular member of the PNP, AFP and
other law enforcement agency of the government.

Private Security Officer- an individual, other than armored car personnel

or a public employee, employed part of full time, in uniform or plain
clothes, hired to protect the employing party’s assets, ranging from human
lives to physical property and its premises and contents.
Public Relations- the art of bringing about better public understanding.

Public Safety- support mechanism that sustain the life and vitality of a
community’s health, safety and social stability by performing such service
as law enforcement, fire prevention. Personal and facility security, disaster
preparedness and emergency medical assistance.

RA 5487, as amended- an act governing the organization and

management of private security agencies, company guards forces and
government security forces.

Recover/ resumption- plans and processes to bring an organization out of

a crisis that resulted in an interruption. It should include damage and
impact assessments, priotization of critical processes to be resumed and to
return to normal operations to a new condition.
Risk- probability of an event to happen that will lead to losses.

Risk Analysis- The process of identifying assets in need of protection

and determine the probability of risk and its potential impact.

Risk Assessment- the process of detailed, rational and orderly approach

and comprehensive solution to problem identification and probability
determination.

Risk Management- the process to mitigate, reduce or minimize potential

risk and impact to the business.

Safety Audit- process to determine the adequacy, compliance, and

effectiveness of environmental safety and health standard in a certain
workplace.
Search Warrant- order in writing issued in the name of the people of
the Philippines, signed by a judge or an officer authorized by law, and
directed to a peace officer, commanding him to search personal property
and bring it before the court.

Security Guard- any person who offers personal service to watch or

secure an asset and is duly licensed by the regulating office.

Security Investigation- the process of determining circumstances and

essential elements of an unusual event that caused harm, loss or damage
to person or properties.

Security vulnerability- the process of identifying vulnerable areas on

how establishment may experience attack or intrusion.

SMART- Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic and Time Bound.

Surveillance Operation- is a type of investigative procedure to monitor
subjects whereabouts, activities and endeavors.

SWOT- Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats Analysis.

Threat- A passive inimical act that brings insecure condition and

commonly introduce by a person.

Vulnerability- factor that secure condition on how open is an

establishment to an intrusion, attack or injury.

Warrant of Arrest- is an order in writing, issued in the name of the

people of the Philippines, signed by a judges or an officer, authorized by
law, and directed to a peace officer, commanding him to arrest a person
designated and bring him before the bar of justice.