Industrial Boilers

 Steam generators
 Closed vessels
 made of steel and
 used for generation of steam
 vaporizing water
 combustion of fuels
 eg. coal,coke,oil,wood,saw dust and begesse etc.
 Steam used for producing power,for industrial
process work or for heating proposes.
Requirements of a Perfect
Steam Boilers
 Should be absolutely reliable,capable of producing
maximum steam at required pressure for minimum of
fuel consumption,with minimum attention and minimum
initial cost and operating cost.
 Simple constructions
 Quick starting from cold
 Strong enough against temp. stress & strains
 Well design combustion chamber
 Less floor area, space & light weight
 Best gauges,safety valves and other mountings
 Easily accessible for inspection,cleaning and repairs
Classification of Steam
Boilers
 Vertical or Horizontal
 Stationary(Power plant,industrial,central heating and
combined power and heating
boilers.),Portable,Locomotive or Marine
 Internally Fired or Externally Fired (Lancashire and
Locomotive Boilers)
 Solid,Liquid or Gas Fired
 Fire(Smoke)Tube:Water is outside the tubes while the
hot gases are inside the tubes
eg.Vertical,Cochran,Lancashire,Cornish,Locomotives,etc
) or Water Tube: Contain a large number of small tubes
through which water circulates,the fire and hot gases
being outside of the tubes.eg.Babcock and Wilcox,
Stirling and High pressure Boilers etc.)
Vertical Boilers
 Used in small factories,small water supply
plants,cranes,excavators,winch engines in
mines and on sites of temporary nature such
as construction work etc.
 Required minimum floor space,not required
elaborate foundations,and is portable.
 Cheap,easy to start but inefficient due to large
wastage of fuel and less heating surface.
 Vertical Boilers are:Simple(having one to three
cross tubes), fire tubes and water tubes types.
Simple Cross tube vertical
boiler
 consists of a cylindrical shell surrounding a cylindrical fire box.
 heating surface is about 8-10 times the grate area.
 50% efficiency
Cochran Boiler
 It is well design of a Vertical multitubular fire tube boiler
 Improvement over the simple vertical boiler as it
provides greater heating surface.
 Total heating surface area is about 10-25 times the
grate area
 Efficiency 70-75%
 Ranges from 1m dia.X2m high,evaporation 20kg/hr to
3m dia X6m high,evaporation 3000kg/hr.
Cochran Boiler contd….
Lancashire Boiler
 Is horizontal smoke tube boiler size range
from a shell 2m diaX6m long to 3m diaX10m
long
 Working pressure range are up to 20kgf/cm2
 Ratio of heating surface to grate area is 24-30
 Efficiency is about 56% without economizer
and 75% with economizer.
 Similar to Cornish boiler,in Lancashire Boiler
two flue tubes but in Cornish boiler only one
flue tubes are there.
Lancashire Boiler contd……
Lancashire Boiler contd……
Locomotive Boiler
 Is an internally fired multitubular fire tube boiler
Babcock and Wilcox water
tube Boiler
 Water tube boiler having lager pressure ranges and
larger sizes.
 Three main parts, steam and water drum,water tubes
and furnace.
Stirling Boiler
 Example of water tube boiler where bent tube are used
instead of straight tube which are used in Babcock and Wilcox
boiler
High Pressure Boilers
 Two types- Natural circulation & Forced circulation
Boilers
High Pressure Boilers
contd………
 La-Mont Boiler( Forced circulation Boiler)
Once-Through Forced
Circulation Boiler
 Does not required a steam and water drum,saving in weight
 Supercritical Pressure Boiler
 Two types- Benson and Ramzin
Ramzin Boiler
Loeffler Boiler
 Indirect heating is combined with forced circulation
Velox boiler
 Fire tube forced circulation Boiler
Fire tubes Vs water tubes
Boilers
 Fire tubes boilers has a large volume of water,therefore
more flexible and can meet the sudden demand of
steam without much drop of pressure.
 Fire tubes boiler is rigid and of simple mechanical
construction,so greater reliability and low in first cost.
 Fire tube boilers can be made in smallest sizes therefore
simple to fabricate and transport, occupies less floor
space but more height.
 Due to mostly externally fired water tubes boiler so
furnace can be altered considerably to meet the fuel
requirements.
 Water tubes boilers are more readily accessible for
cleaning,inspection and repairs,compared to the fire
tube boilers.
 Modern trend is in the favors of water tube boiler due to
continuous increase in capacities and steam pressures.
Boiler Mountings and
Accessories
 Fitting and devices which are necessary for the safety
and control are knows as boiler mountings
 Fitting or devices which are provided to increase the
efficiency of the boiler and help in the smooth working
of the plant are knows as boiler accessories.
 Fittings which are essential from the
safety point of view are as follows,
 Water level indicators
 Safety valves
 Combined high steam and low water safety valve
 Fusible plug
Boiler Mountings and
Accessories contd….
 Fittings which are essential from the
control point of view are as follows,
 Pressure gauge
 Junction or stop valve
 Feed check valve
 Blow-off cock
 Man hole and Mud Box
 The important accessories are
 Superheater
 Economiser
 Air-preheater
 Feed pump or injector