Brundtland Commission also known as

the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED)

Gro Harlem Brundtland, was appointed by United Nations was the
former Prime Minister of Norway
PROBLEM
• how to reduce poverty in low-income countries through more
productive and industrialized economy without, in the process,
exacerbating the global and local environmental burdens.
• Neither high-income countries in the North nor low-income
countries in the South were willing to give up an economic
development based on growth, but environmental threats, ranging
from pollution, acid rain, deforestation and desertification, the
destruction of the ozone layer, to early signs of climate change,
were impossible to overlook and increasingly unacceptable.
• environmental burdens result mainly from destructive economic
growth-based development or from a lack of economic
development and modernization?
Challenges
• Population and Human Resources
• Food Security: Sustaining the Potential
• Species and Ecosystems: Resources for Development
• Energy: Choices for Environment and Development
• Industry: Producing More With Less
• The Urban Challenge

• Common future
• - described sustainability as 3 legged stool with people, planet
& profit taking equal importance in the equation
• Scope of sustainable development
• Environment : we should conserve & enhance our resource base,
gradually changing the ways which we develop & use technologies.
• Social equality: developing nations must be allowed to meets the
basic needs of employment, food, water & sanitations.
Agenda 21 is a non-binding action plan of the United Nations with
regard to sustainable development.

It is a product of the Earth Summit (UN Conference on Environment

and Development) held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992.

It is an action agenda for the UN, other multilateral organizations, and

individual governments around the world that can be executed at
local, national, and global levels.

The developmental and environmental objectives

substantial flow of new and additional financial resources to
developing countries,

Promoting sustainable development through trade Basis for action.

To improve access to markets for exports of developing countries;

The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty which extends the
1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC). to fight global warming.
• to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the scientific
consensus that global warming is occurring and it is extremely
likely that human-made CO2 emissions have predominantly caused
it.
• It was adopted in Kyoto, Japan on 11 December 1997 and entered
into force on 16 February 2005.

OBJECTIVE
• to fight global warming by reducing greenhouse gas concentrations
in the atmosphere
• is to control emissions of the main anthropogenic (human-emitted)
greenhouse gases (GHGs) in ways that reflect underlying national
differences in GHG emissions, wealth, and capacity to make the
reduction
• focus on goal to achieve “stabilization of greenhouse gas
concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that prevent dangerous
anthropogenic interference with the climate system.

37 countries commit themselves to reduction of 4 GH gases ( CO2,

Nitrius oxide, Sulphur hexafluoride & methane)

many countries agreed to reduce their greenhouse gas emission by

5.2% on avg. for 2008-12.

countries must cooperate in

1. the development, application & diffusion of climate friendly
technologies
2. education, training & public awareness of climate change
3. the improvement of methodologies & data for GHG inventories.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a United
Nationsbody, founded in 1988, which evaluates climate change
science.

Is there a better alternative to the 5-star rating system?

The report address the issue of dangerous anthropogenic

perturbation to the climate system & the relationship between
climate change & development, equity & sustainability.

Climate change : past, present & future-changes in the mean state,

variability & extreme events

Observed & projected impacts of climate change on ecological

systems socio-economic sectors & human health & approaches to
adapt to climate change.
The climate consequences & associated impact of stabilizing gh
gases concentration.

inter-linkages among local, regional & global environmental issues.

Technological & policy opportunities to reduce green house gas

emissions.
SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE

- minimize the harmful effects

- more efficient
The Roles of Architects
in
Sustainable
Community Development
ARCHITECTS

as citizens

as professionals
Architect as Professional
• To process to preserve, improve and create the required quality of
built environment under the particular condition of each community,
in an ideal and sustainable world.

• Architectural profession, vary from design to planning, to support

the physical development of a community.
balance the value systems of economic, social and ecological factors.
(‘weak’ sustainability),
to be the creation of a condition where ecological factors are the
overarching system (‘strong’ sustainability).
built environment consumes energy and resources that affects
immediate and more distant environments, architects also have
responsibility through their actions for changes that could happen to
ecological features and systems.
• Involvement of local people in the design and planning
process is an alternative design strategy for moving
towards the sustainable condition.
• can gain the necessary knowledge from user
involvement to ensure that their design or planning will
meet intended objectives in the most effective way.
• used and adapted to local conditions and culture,
vernacular architecture can be an inspiration or model
for design.
• Factors relating to natural environments, built
environments, and human ecological conditions should
be considered, analyzed and synthesized within
sustainable parameters.
Relationships of architects’ roles with their social and ecological systems.
• Architects should improve their knowledge about strategies for
sustainable design. They should know how to gather relevant
information for environmental and cultural considerations.
• Architects should be familiar with environmental impact
assessment (EIA), life cycle assessment (LCA), building rating
systems (e.g. LEED and BREEAM) and environmental regulations in
each region.
• Architects should know how design tools and techniques should
be selected appropriately and accommodated in every phase of
architectural design.
• Architects should prepare environmental briefs, checklists, and
design phase rating that are useful during pre-design and
schematic design, while monitoring, surveys of buildings &
operational phase rating are practical strategies for the post-
occupation phase.
• Architects should also increase their understanding of the
environmental performance of buildings, materials, systems and
construction, The information on inputs, outputs, and impacts
that can occur in the production of building elements,
transportation and storage, site modification and construction,
operation, modification and maintenance, reuse, recycling,
removal, demolition, recovery, and site rehabilitation, are the
basics for designing and planning sustainable built environments.
As Citizens
Data have to be gathered about the community,
 existing conditions,
 lifestyles,
 culture, and
 the limit of natural resources

Architects have the ability to understand the consequences

of the design process and think spatially they can advise
and educate people in any additions or improvements to
their physical environment.

Architects knowledge and experiences can assist the

community in their decisions and initiatives
• As skills and the knowledge are differ from place to place
and from one situation to another.

• skills in communication, clarification of values, conflict

resolution, and careful analysis & educated to citizens.

• Architects not only deal with clients and users, but also
other experts or consultants. He can such as awareness
methods, group interaction, workshops, public forums,
and charities, they imposed themselves as educating
training participants so that it help to create change in
their environments. even though appropriate
technologies, dependent on the place, local supply, labor
skills, and time availability, are preferable solutions,
• Conservation methods, such as reuse or recycling of
materials and water, should be part of their daily lives.
For instance, they can reduce their domestic water use
by recycling grey water for washing cars and watering
the garden. Planting a garden, whatever the size, and
caring for it can make a support for native flora and
fauna and create more pleasant and liveable places.

• greening private spaces, sharing facilities and

maintenance of public services and common property
could be practiced to facilitate the move to a self-
sufficient community. Besides doing such things
themselves, they can encourage others, such as relatives
or friends, to do the same.
Principles for Architect Actions in Sustainable
Community Development
First Principle:
Realization of Roles and Responsibility of the Individual in
Sustainable Community Development

Second Principle:
Personal Self-improvement
1. Improvement in Attitudes : defined as the favorable or
unfavorable feelings of individuals with regard to objects, issues or
taking action.
2. Improvement in Knowledge : Knowledge about the issues
encompasses basic environmental concepts, causes of
environmental and social problems.
3. Improvement in Skills : acquire the wide range of skills needed to
apply knowledge in real situations
Third Principle: Professional Practices for a Sustainable Community.
relate to cognitive and effectiveness factors (awareness, knowledge,
attitudes, and responsibility), situational factors, (economic constraints,
social and cultural pressures, and opportunities) to choose and act,
influence decisions and actions
Fourth Principle: Citizen Actions for a Sustainable Community
Apart from their responsibility and duty to practice as professionals,
architects should be citizens who act for sustainability and assist other
people, institutions, and the whole community to achieve a sustainable
condition.
Fifth Principle: Collaborative Development
To facilitate practices in professional and citizen roles, local institutions
and people, including architects, should collaborate with one another
to create a sustainable community. Each citizen should undertake self-
improvement by being more self reliant, encouraging appropriate
morals and ethics, and having involvement in social activities to
improve the community condition.
The cradle to cradle It is useful to help to improve the design in a
sustainable way. It is a biomimetic approach to the design of systems. It
models human industry on nature's processes in which materials are
viewed as nutrients circulating in healthy, safe metabolisms.
Bioclimatic archi
tecture refers to
the design of
buildings and
spaces (interior
– exterior –
outdoor) based
on local climate,
aimed at
providing
thermal and
visual comfort,
making use of
solar energy and
other
environmental
sources.
BIO-MIMCARY : Innovation Inspired by Nature as one which studies nature and
then imitates or takes inspiration from its designs and processes to solve human
problems

the potential of nature as an instrument that helps creating

appropriate facades with the environment “building skin”.

The biomimetic architecture imitates nature through the study of form, function,
behavior and ecosystems of biological organisms.

INSPIRE ARCHITECT to develop architectural bio-inspired building’s design that can

help to enhance indoor thermal ambiance in buildings located in hot and dry
climate which helps to achieve thermal comfort for users.
Named Arboricole, meaning “tree” and an energy park and energy storage
“cultivation,” this live-work-play building in Heidelberg, Germany
environment gives back as much to the
environment as it does its users.

INSECT WING design of

the Moscow Circus School
Biomimicry with Steel Sheets:
Materials Can Create Architecture
that Shapes Itself
The utilization of systems concepts in the architectural design
identifies a designed environment a building to be occupied, city or
region – as a system permissive of a range of human activities and
contacts and prohibitive of others. Its components, inhabitants and
facilities within a designed environment and the outside world,
interact with spaces and the barriers between and around the
components The system ideal maintains the quality of life, and its
components constantly adjust themselves to assure the optimal
behavior of the system.
The new demand for building and the problems generated by this
demand confronting the building industry have become more
complex as a result of increasing social change, evolution of
industrialization and inadequacy of traditional methods to cope with
new needs and problems. Accordingly, the building industry has
conscientiously directed itself towards a more efficient and
economical use of limited resources and available technology on the
basis of science-based procedures.
"Systems Approach" is an effective methodology to solve problems in the building
industry, leading to its improved performance, if the process using the systems
approach is properly developed and appropriately used.

The process of application is the requisites of disciplined and scientific methods,

management and orderly operation of planning, design, procurement and
construction, including change in many traditional procedures.

the development of an approach to systems building embracing its theoretical,

conceptual and practical framework, and looking at the various facets which must
be approached with caution in its development.

The process is developed as an integral aspect of the systems approach based on

performance requirements as a strong tool to procure a specified building system,
in compliance with user requirements as a primary concern.
Sustainable Site Planning
A site plan that that has the least environmental impact while still meeting the clients
project goals.“ "Green design is only sustainable if it makes sense financially as well."
Sustainable Site Planning & Design Strategies.

1. Know What You Got. In order to build sensitively on a site you must first know what is on the site
(water, plants, habitat, etc.).

2. Select the Proper Building Architecture. Find a site that will meet your building program needs. Don’t
force a building design and building size on a site that cannot accommodate it. This will help minimize
impacts from grading and erosion issues and will better allow for maintaining the sites natural resources.

3. Manage the Water. Water issues from scarcity to water quality and proper drainage can be addressed
through design to treat rainwater and to capture and store rainwater for re-use.

4. Use the landscape to Help Conserve Energy. Proper placement of plants around a building or home
can be used to lower energy usage for both heating and cooling.

5. Select the Right Plants. Think native plants and edible plants, even better think native plants that
are edible. New sites can also be used to plant species that are declining in the natural environment due to
loss of habitat.

Through sustainable site planning and design it becomes possible to balance the social, environmental and
economic needs of the developer, the community, and the individual. In fact many such as New Belgium
Brewing, Sierra Nevada, and Davenport Park, just to a few; see this type of development as a competitive
advantage in the marketplace.