Theorist Background

 Born on November 30, 1897

 Was an author, nurse, researcher and theorist.
 She received her diploma in nursing from Army School of Nursing in 1921.
 In 1923 she was teaching nursing in at the Norfolk protestant hospital in
Virginia.
 She worked with the Harmer on the revision of Textbook of the Practice of
Nursing in1939.
 Author of “principles and practices of nursing” in 1939, a widely used text.
 “ basic principles of nursing” published in 1966 and revised in
1972, has been published in 27 languages by international council of
nurses.
 VIRGINIA HENDERSON

 She was awarded 12 honorary doctoral degrees as well as the

International Council of Nursing’s prestigious Christiane Reimann prize
during her exemplary career.
 She was given many names such as
 “The Nightingale of Modern Nursing”
 “Modern-Day Mother of Nursing”
 “The 20th century Florence Nightingale”
 Died on March 19, 1996.
 NURSING NEED THEORY

 The theory focuses on the important of increasing the patient’s

independence to hasten their progress in the hospital.
 Henderson’s theory emphasizes on the basic human needs and how the
nurses can assists in the meeting those needs.
 14 components

The 14 Components of the basic needs of individual show a holistic approach

to nursing that covers the physiological, psychological, spiritual and
sociological components.
physiological Aspects
 Breath normally.
 Eat and drink adequately.
 Eliminate bodily wastes.
 Move and maintain desirable postures
 Sleep and rest
 Select suitable clothes, dress and undress
 Adequate cleanliness
 Avoiding danger to self and others
 Maintain body temperature within normal range by adjusting clothing and
modifying the environment

Psychological Aspects
 Communicate with others in expressing emotions, needs, fears, or options
 Opportunities to learn and satisfy curiosity
 Spiritual Aspects
Worship according to one’s faith
Sociological Aspects
 Play or participate in various forms of recreation
 Opportunities to learn and satisfy curiosity
 ASSUMPTIONS

 The nurse has a unique function to help well or sick person

 The patient and the family are a unit
 Health is basic to human functioning
 The mind and the body of the person are inseparable
 The patient’s needs are covered by the 14 components of nursing
 The nurse and the patient are always working toward a goal, whether it is
independence or a peaceful death
 Nurses should know about social customs and religious practices
The nursing process

Planning Evaluation
Design a plan Assist the patient Based on ability
Patient to meet to perform of patient to
assessed identified activates to meet needs
relative to the deficits and maintain health, without or with
14 basic help to gain recover from decreasing
needs independenc illness and assistance of
e achieve a the nurse
peaceful death
Assessment
Implementation
 METAPARADIGM

 person

Recipient of nursing care, who is composed of biological,

psychological, sociological and components.
 METAPARADIGM

 Environment

External environment (biologic, physical and behavioral)

some discussion of the impact of community on the
individual and family.
 METAPARADIGM

 Health

Based on the patient’s ability to function independently (as

outlined in the 14 components of basic nursing care)
 METAPARADIGM

 Nursing

Assist the person sick or well in performance of activities (14

components of basic nursing care) and help the person gain
independence as rapid as possible .
STRENGTHS

Virgina Henderson’s concept of

nursing is widely accepted in nursing
practice today. Her theory and 14
components are relatively simple,
logical and can be applied to
individuals of all ages.
WEAKNESS

There is an absence of a conceptual

diagram that interconnect the 14
concepts and sub concepts of
Henderson's theory.
LIMITATION

Lacking conceptual linkage between physiological and

other human characteristics.
No concept of the holistic nature of human being.
Lacks inter-relate of factors and the influence of nursing
care.
Assisting in the dying process she contends that the nurse
help, but there is a little explanation of what the nurse
does. “peaceful death” is significant nursing role.
Prepared by:
Eneyew, Ruth
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