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Eng-1093 (Grammer)
Eng-1093 (Grammer)
I write.
I wrote.
I will write.
A Verb that refers to present time is said to be in
the Present Tense; as,
I write.
I love.
A Verb that refers to past time is said to be in the
Past Tense; as,
tenses I wrote.
I loved.
A Verb that refers to future time is said to be in the
Future Tense
I shall write.
I shall love.
Sometimes a past tense may refer to present
time, and a present tense may express future
time, as:
tenses
Develop a story and note what types of
tenses/structures are being used commonly by you
1. Used for habitual actions.
My watch keeps good time.
He drinks tea every morning.
I get up early in the morning.
Uses of
present 2. To express the general truths.
simple tense The sun rises in the east.
Fortune favours the brave.
Continuous
Tense (2) For a temporary action which may not be
actually happening at the time of speaking;
as,
I am reading ‘Khalil Jibran’ (but I am not reading at
this moment).
(3) For an action that has already been arranged to
Present take place in the near future; as,
continuous I am going to the cinema tonight.
tense My uncle is arriving tomorrow.
Mental and Believe, dislike, doubt, imagine, know, like,
emotional love, hate, prefer, realize, recognize,
verbs suppose, remember, understand, want, wish
The following verbs, on account of their meaning,
are not normally used in the continuous form:
Sense verbs Appear, hear, see, smell, sound, taste
Verbs that (1) Verbs of perception, e.g., see, hear, smell, notice,
can not be recognize.
Communica Agree, astonish, deny, disagree, impress, mean,
used in (2) Verbs please,
tion, of appearing . e.g.,
promise, appear,
surprise, look, seem.
satisfy
continuous (3) Verbs of emotion, e.g., want, wish, desire, feel,
form Verbslike, love,Be,
hate, hope,consist,
concern, refuse, contain,
prefer. depend, deserve,
(4) Verbs fit, exist, include,
of thinking, e.g., involve, lack, matter,
think, suppose, need,
believe,
owe, seem
agree, consider, trust, remember, forget, know,
understand, imagine, mean, mind.
Verbs Belong, own, possess
These grapes are tasting sour -- These grapes taste
sour.
Correct &
incorrect I am thinking you are wrong -- I think you are wrong.
Be about
Be to
to…. Be to
We use be to + base form to talk about official plans
and arrangements.
The Prime Minister is to visit America next month.
The conference is to discuss “Nuclear Tests”.
Be to is used in a formal style, often in news reports
Be is usually left out in headlines,
e.g. “Prime Minister to visit America”.
Simple present -- take, takes -- am taken, is taken,
are taken.
Present continuous -- am taking, is taking, are
taking -- am being taken, is being taken, are being
taken
Present perfect -- has taken, have taken -- has been
taken, have been taken
Stress
Auxiliaries used to form tenses are
normally unstressed. The stress falls on
the main verb.
Negative contractions
am not 'm not
is not isn’t or 's not
are not aren't or 're not
I'm not going and Tom isn't going/Tom's not going.
We aren't going/We're not going.
have not and has not contract to haven't and
Contractions hasn't, but in perfect tenses 've not and 's not are
also possible:
We haven't seen him/We've not seen him.
He hasn't/He 's not come yet.
will not contracts to won't, though 'll not is also
possible, shall not contracts to shan't:
I won't go/I'll not go till I hear and I shan't hear till
tomorrow.
Other verb forms are contracted in the usual way
by adding n't.
Negative
Negative contractions can come at the end of a
contractions sentence:
I saw it but he didn't.
In English a negative sentence can have only one
negative expression in it. Two negative
expressions give the sentence an affirmative
meaning:
Nobody did nothing means that everyone did
something.
Negative
So never, no (adjective), none, nobody, no one,
sentences nothing, hardly, hardly ever etc. are used with an
affirmative verb.
He didn't eat anything or He ate nothing.
He doesn't ever complain or He never complains.
We haven't seen anyone or We have seen no one.
Sana enjoys the party.
The function starts at 8 pm.
You have finished.
I love my country.
You are coming.
Use of can,
could, may You could have accepted the offer. (= Why didn't you
accept the offer?)
and might
with the Fatima may/might have gone with Sara. (= Possibly
perfect Fatima has gone/ went with Sara.)
infinitive:
Why did you drive so carelessly? You might have run
into the lamppost. (= It is fortunate that you didn't
run into the lamppost.)
Shall is used in the first person and will in all
persons to express pure future. Today I/we shall is
less common than I/we will.