Kingdom Protista

ANG, BABOL, ESPINO, KAWAHARA

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
•Mostly aquatic life
•One of the first groups of living organisms in Earth
•Very diverse
•Usually unicellular but can be multicellular
•Eukaryotic
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
•Some are sexual, some are asexual
•Some are heterotrophic, some are autotrophic and
some undergo extracellular digestion
•Can cause diseases and can be parasitic
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
•The “junk drawer” kingdom
-may possess characteristics of animals, plants and
fungi but they don’t fit in those groups because of the
lack other basic characteristics that organism should
have
Example: Kelp has the characteristics of a plant but lacks
the cellular complexity plants have
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
•They can be classified based on:
1. How they get their nutrition
2. How they move
TYPES OF PROTISTS
BASED ON HOW THEY GET THEIR NUTRITION
ANIMAL-LIKE PROTISTS
•Commonly called protozoa
•Heterotrophs, consume other organisms to obtain
energy
•Capable of moving
•Classified by how they move
TYPES OF ANIMAL-LIKE
PROTISTS
BASED ON HOW THEY MOVE
 1. SARCODINES (Sarcodina)
•They have pseudopods/pseudopodia
(it means false feet in Greek)
•some are parasitic and heterotrophic
PSEUDOPODS
- Used for movement and to capture
food and are extensions of the cell
membrane & cytoplasm
 2. CILIATES (Ciliophora)
•They have cilia on the outside of their
cells
•Heterotrophic; some are parasitic
•Reproduces by either binary fission or
conjugation
CILIA
- thin hair-like projections used for
movement, gathering of food and to
feel surroundings
3. FLAGELLATES (Zooflagellates/Zoomastigina)
•They have a flagellum
•They live in animals
•Usually in moist environments
Flagellum
-A long whip-like structure used for
movement; it whips in a circular motion
to propel itself forward
4. SPOROZOANS (Sporozoa/Apicomplexa)
•They glide to move
•All are parasites
•They feed on cells & body fluids
•They form from spores
SPORES
- tiny reproductive cells
PLANT-LIKE PROTISTS
•Also known as algae
•Autotrophs, use
photosynthesis to make food
•Classified by type of cell wall
and photosynthetic pigment
•Colonies
•Can move on their own
TYPES OF PLANT-LIKE
PROTISTS
BASED ON PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS AND TYPE OF CELL WAL
1. EUGLENOIDS
•Use flagella to swim
•Classified as plant like
because they are
photosyntethic
2. DIATOMS
•Glasslike Shells
•Provide ~1/2 of Earth’s
Oxygen
•Chuy sila tingnan
3. DINOFLAGELLATES (Pyrrophyta)
•Most plankton are
dinoflagellates
•They are the basis of aquatic
food chains
4. GREEN ALGAE (Chlorophyta)
•Have chlorophyll A and B
giving them a bright green
color
•Cell walls with cellulose
•Store food as starch
5. BROWN ALGAE (Phaeophyta)
•Contain pigments Chlorophyll
a and c, Fucoxanthin which
make them brown
•Reproduce sexually by
mitosis and meiosis
6. RED ALGAE (Rhodophyta)
•Eukaryotic
•Contain pigments Chlorophyll
a and b, phycoerthrin which
make them red
•No flagellated cells
7. GOLDEN ALGAE (Chrysophyta)
•Carotenoid pigments that
make them gold
•Reproduce asexually and
sexually
•Free floating
FUNGI-LIKE PROTISTS
•Also called mold
•Osmotrophs, absorb nutrients from surroundings
•Can be divided into water molds
and slime molds
TYPES OF FUNGI-LIKE
PROTISTS
1. SLIME MOLDS
•Its cell wall is made out of
chitin
•It reproduces by fruiting
bodies
•Usually in moist shady
places
•It feeds on bacteria and
other organisms
2. WATER MOLDS (Oomycota)
•They live in water & moist
environments
•They can attack crops
•Some are parasites of fish and
other aquatic life
•They have cellulose in their cell
walls
•Some are pathogenic