The Basics of Maintenance

in General Aviation

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 U.S. Department
of Transportation

Federal Aviation
Administration

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 Basics of Maintenance
In General Aviation

for Pilots and Technicians

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 Aviation Safety Program Manager
Airworthiness Representative

Richard Mileham
FAA-Flight Standards Division
2300 E. Devon Ave
Des Plaines, IL 60018

Tel: 847-294-7623
FAX 847-294-8001
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 Web Address

Richard.Mileham@faa.gov

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 OBJECTIVE

This presentation is designed to provide

aviators with information concerning
aircraft maintenance and preventative
maintenance.

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 MAINTENANCE

Ensure the Airworthiness

of the Aircraft

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 FEDERAL AVIATION
REGULATIONS (FAR’s)

FAR Part 1: Definitions and Abbreviations

FAR Part 43: Maintenance, Preventive

Maintenance, Rebuilding and
Alterations

FAR Part 91: General Operating Rules

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 FAR Part 1
Definition of......

Preventive Maintenance: “simple or

minor preservation operations and the
replacement of small standard parts
not involving complex assembly
operations.”

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What is maintenance?
 Definitions continued

Maintenance: is;
Inspections
Overhaul
Repair
Preservation and
Replacement of Parts
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 FAR Part 91, Subpart E

TOOLS General Operating

and
Flight Rules 12
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 Maintenance Regulations in
FAR Part 91

The 400 series of FAR Part 91 states the

maintenance regulations for owners and
operators.

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 Who is responsible for the
Airworthiness of the Aircraft

N1202

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 For FAR Part 91
General Aviation Operations, the
Owner or Operator is Primarily
Responsible
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 Part 91 continued

Specifically, FAR 91.403 (a) states: owner or

operator is primarily responsible for
maintaining the aircraft in an airworthy
condition.

This includes compliance with Part 39.

FAR Part 39 concerns Airworthiness

Directives. 16
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 Part 91 continued

FAR 91.403(b) states: No person may

perform maintenance, preventive
maintenance, or alterations on an aircraft
other than prescribed in this subpart, and
other applicable regulations, including
Part 43.
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 Did you know................

All U.S. registered aircraft are

required to be maintained in
accordance with the Federal Aviation
Regulation Part 43 except for one
category of aircraft.
Aircraft that have been certificated
in the Experimental Category.
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 Part 91 continued

FAR 91.405 Maintenance Required, paragraph

(b) states: Each owner of an aircraft shall ensure
that maintenance personnel make appropriate
entries in the aircraft maintenance records
indicating the aircraft has been approved for
return to service.

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 Part 91 continued

FAR 91.407 (a)(1) states: No person may

operate any aircraft that has undergone
maintenance, preventive maintenance,
rebuilding, or alteration unless it has been
approved for return to service by a person

authorized under Part 43.7 and .................

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 Part 91 continued

the maintenance record entry

required by FAR 43.9 has been
made.

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 FAR 91 requires maintenance
to be performed in accordance with
FAR 43

Lets take a look at the

requirements of FAR 43
 FAR 43.3 Persons Authorized

Paragraph (g) states that a holder of a

pilot certificate may perform
preventive maintenance on any
aircraft owned or operated by that
pilot.

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 FAR 43.3 Persons Authorized
continued

Provided the aircraft is not being

used under FAR Part 121, 127, 129,
or 135.

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 Remember what FAR
91.405 & 91.407 stated
about maintenance
records?

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 If maintenance is performed, it
must be entered in a maintenance
record and approved for return to
service by a person authorized.

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 FAR 43.7 Persons Authorized to
Approve for Return to Service
Paragraph (f) states a person holding at
least a private pilot certificate may
approve an aircraft for return to service
after performing preventive
maintenance

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 FAR 43.9 Content, Form and Disposition
of Preventive Maintenance Records

Paragraphs (a)(1),(2) & (4), states each

person who performs preventive
maintenance shall make an entry in the
maintenance record of that equipment
containing the following:

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A description of the work performed.
The date of completion
Total Aircraft Time = TAT
Your signature, certificate number,
and kind of certificate.
ie.
Private Pilot =PP#123456789
Commercial Pilot = CP#123456789
ATP = ATP #123456789

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 . Airframe Log Book

AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE RECORD

DATE DESCRIPTION OF WORK PERFORMED SIGNATURE

01/21/98
TAT. 4,625 Replaced Rt. Main landing gear Tire with Goodyear
Tach: 962 600X6, 6 ply rating .
TachTime Followed procedures of Cessna Service Manual for
(Optional)
replacement of tire. Sec:.....
Par:.....etc.
.

Ima B. Good
Ima B. Good
PP #123456789
 Lets take a look at
what types of
preventive
maintenance
you are
authorized to
perform! 32
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Powerplant
replacing any hose
connection except;
hydraulic connections
Removing, checking, and
replacing magnetic chip
detectors, and Replacing
any cowling,
Unless `
 “UNLESS”

Removal of the prop

is required to get the nose
bowl off

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 Powerplant continued

replacing prefabricated fuel lines

cleaning or replacing fuel and oil
strainer or filters
replacing or cleaning spark plugs and
setting gap

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 Landing Gear

landing gear tires, servicing struts

wheel bearings
safety wire or cotter keys
lubrication, not requiring disassembly
replacing wheels and skis where no
W&B is involved
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 Did you say that as a Pilot,
I can change my own tires ??
 Fuselage & Interior

Replenishing hydraulic fluid

Replacing side windows ??
Repairing upholstery
Replacing safety belts
Replacing seats or seat parts

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 Fuselage & Interior
continued

Replacing & servicing batteries

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 Electrical
Trouble shooting and repairing broken
circuits in landing light wiring

Replacing bulbs, reflectors, & lenses or

position or landing lights
 General Preventive Maintenance
Items

simple fabric patches

refinishing decorative coatings
applying preservative or protective materials
making simple repairs to fairings,
nonstructural items

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 General Preventive Maintenance
Items continued

installation of anti
misfueling devices
replacement or adjustment of nonstruc-
tural fasteners
 Primary Category Aircraft

Inspection and maintenance tasks for

your aircraft provided you have at least
a private pilot’s license, you are the
registered owner, and work is
performed in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions.
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 This information can be found in
FAR Part 43 Appendix A
Paragraph (c), Preventive
Maintenance states in part :

Preventive Maintenance is limited to

the aforementioned work, provided it
does not involve complex assembly
operations.
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 Airworthiness Certificate

 .

6
VOID
 Airworthiness Certificate
Block 6. TERMS AND CONDITIONS
Unless sooner surrendered, suspended, revoked,
or a termination date is otherwise established by
the Administrator, this airworthiness certificate is
effective as long as the maintenance, preventive
maintenance, and alterations are performed in
accordance with Parts 21, 43, and 91 of the
Federal Aviation Regulations, as appropriate, and
the aircraft is registered in the United States.
Sample Log Entries
Sample Log Entries
&
FAR Part 43 Appendix A (c)
(English Version)
 Maintenance Scenario
FAR 43.9, FAR 91.417
Aircraft Make: Cessna Date: 01/21/98
Model: 172M TAT: 4,625 Hrs
Serial No. 18454 Eng: SMOH: 962 Hrs
Eng TT: 2,762 Hrs Prop: TT. 962 Hrs
Cessna 172 Service Manual is Available.
___
Make a Typical log book entry indicating the replacement of the
Right main landing gear Tire
and typical return to service.

You are a Certificated Private Pilot,

A&P Mechanic or Repairman
Certificate # 123456789
 .

AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE RECORD

DATE DESCRIPTION OF WORK PERFORMED SIGNATURE

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 Airframe Log Book
.

AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE RECORD

DATE DESCRIPTION OF WORK PERFORMED SIGNATURE

01/21/98
TAT. 4,625 Replaced Rt. Main landing gear Tire with Goodyear
Tach: 962 600X6, 6 ply rating.
Tach Time Followed procedures of Cessna Service Manual for
(Optional)
replacement of tire. Sec:.....
Par:.....etc.

Ima B. Good
Ima B. Good
PP #123456789

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 Maintenance Scenario
FAR 43.9, & FAR 91.417
Aircraft Make: Cessna Date: 01/21/98
Model: 172M TAT: 4,625 Hrs
Serial No. 18454 Eng: SMOH: 962 Hrs
Eng TT: 2,762 Hrs Prop: TT. 962 Hrs
Cessna 172, and Lycoming Service Manual is Available, and AC 43.13-1A, .
______________________________________________________
Make a Typical log book entry indicating the replacement of the
Spark Plugs, and typical return to service.

You are a Certificated Pilot, Mechanic,

or Repairman
Cert #123456789 52
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 POWERPLANT MAINTENANCE
LOG BOOK
ENGINE MAINTENANCE RECORD
DATE DESCRIPTION OF WORK PERFORMED SIGNATURE

01/21/98 Removed and Replaced all spark plugs,

Eng: TT:2,762Hrs installed 8 new Champion REM1234 spark plugs
SMOH:962 Hrs in accordance with Lycoming service
instructions
Tach: 962 Hrs Used anti seize compound on threads and
(optional) torqued to specifications as stated in service
manual, Eng run and Mag check OK.

Ima B. Good
Ima B. Good
PP#123456789

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 POWERPLANT MAINTENANCE
LOG BOOK
ENGINE MAINTENANCE RECORD
DATE DESCRIPTION OF WORK PERFORMED SIGNATURE

04/21/98 Changed oil Added 8 Quarts of Aeroshell

Engine TT 50 compounded Oil
2,762 Hrs. Removed & Inspected oil screen and re-installed
in accordance with service manual
SMOH
962 Hrs.

Ima B. Good
Ima B. Good

PP # 123456789

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 Remember

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Produced for

Airworthiness Safety Program Manager