MEMORIES

Memory - the area of a computer that

temporarily holds data that is waiting to be
processed, stored, or output

 RAM

 ROM

 Virtual
DIMM, RIMM, and SO-RIMM
 RAM is usually configured as a
series of DIPs soldered onto a
small circuit board called
• DIMM (Dual In-line Memory Module)
• RIMM (Rambus In-line Memory
Module)
 Used for processors faster than 1 GHz
• SO-RIMM (Small Outline Rambus In-
line Memory Module)
 SDRAM vs. DDR
 DIMMs for SDRAM and DDR are
different, and not physically
compatible. SDRAM DIMMs have
168-pins and run at 3.3 volts, while
DDR DIMMs have 184-pins and run
at 2.5 volts.
 DDR SDRAM
 SDRAM by double pumping (transferring
data on the rising and falling edges of the
clock signal) without increasing the clock
frequency.
 With data being transferred 64 bits at a
time, DDR SDRAM gives a transfer rate of
(memory bus clock rate) × 2 (for dual rate)
× 64 (number of bits transferred) / 8
(number of bits/byte). Thus with a bus
frequency of 100 MHz, DDR SDRAM gives a
maximum transfer rate of 1600 MB/s.
 DDR Specification
Data JEDEC
Peak
Standard Memory Cycle I/O bus transfers standard Module
transfer
name clock time clock per VDDQ name
rate
second voltage

200 2.5±0.2 1600

DDR-200 100 MHz 10 ns[2] 100 MHz PC-1600
Million V MB/s

266 2.5±0.2 2100

DDR-266 133 MHz 7.5 ns 133 MHz PC-2100
Million V MB/s

333 2.5±0.2 2700

DDR-333 166 MHz 6 ns 166 MHz PC-2700
Million V MB/s

400 2.6±0.1 3200

DDR-400 200 MHz 5 ns 200 MHz PC-3200
Million V MB/s
 DDR SDRAM
 DDR SDRAM for desktop computers, DIMMs,
have 184 pins (as opposed to 168 pins on
SDRAM, or 240 pins on DDR2 SDRAM), and
can be differentiated from SDRAM DIMMs
by the number of notches (DDR SDRAM has
one, SDRAM has two). DDR SDRAM for
notebook computers, SO-DIMMs, have 200
pins, which is the same number of pins as
DDR2 SO-DIMMs.
 Chips and modules with DDR-400/PC-3200
standard have a nominal voltage of 2.6 V.
 MDDR
 MDDR is an acronym that some
enterprises use for Mobile DDR
SDRAM, a type of memory used in
some portable electronic devices, like
mobile phones, handhelds, and
digital audio players. While standard
DDR SDRAM operates at a voltage of
2.5 V, MDDR operates at voltage of
1.8 V, which allows a reduced power
consumption.
PC3200 256MB DDR SDRAM
Corsair 512MB DDR2-533 PC2-4200 DDR2
SDRAM CL4 240-pin DIMM
PC1066 533MHZ RAMBUS
RDRAM
 DDR2 SDRAMS

DDR2 DIMMs are not designed to be

backward compatible with DDR DIMMs.
Faster DDR2 DIMMs are compatible with
slower DDR2 DIMMs; however, the faster
module runs at the slower module's
speed.
 DDR3 RAM
 With data being transferred 64 bits
at a time per memory module, DDR3
SDRAM gives a transfer rate of
(memory clock rate) × 4 (for bus
clock multiplier) × 2 (for data rate)
× 64 (number of bits transferred) / 8
(number of bits/byte). Thus with a
memory clock frequency of 100 MHz,
DDR3 SDRAM gives a maximum
transfer rate of 6400 MB/s.
 ROM
 ROM: (Read Only
Memory) Non-volatile:
remembers data even
without power.
 Begins executing when
computer is initially
turned on (booted)
 ROM BIOS: (Basic Input-
Output System) has
instructions that tell the
computer how to access
the disk drives, find the
operating system, and
load it into RAM.
 Virtual Memory
 The computer’s ability to use
the hard disk to simulate RAM
 Occurs when available RAM is
running low
• Multitasking often uses virtual
memory
 The operating system moves
least-used data to the hard
drive to free RAM for another
task
 TASK
 LAPTOPS SO-DIMMs Types
• Picture
• Type
• Model
• Capacity
• FSB

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