BMWM Comparison

BIOMEDICAL WASTE
MANAGEMENT
National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Organizations

& 1
Consortium of Accredited Healthcare Organizations
Definition of “Bio-medical
waste”
“Bio-medical waste" means any waste, which is

generated during the diagnosis, treatment or
immunization of human beings or animals or
research activities pertaining thereto or in the
production or testing of biological or in health
camps.

& 2
NEED FOR BMW MANAGEMENT
The hospital waste, in addition to the risk for patients and

personnel who handle these wastes poses a threat to public health
and environment
Health hazards of BMW
Type of waste Health hazard
Human / Animal waste/ HIV,HBV,HCV, Hgic fevers, cholera, salmonellosis,

Soiled waste shigellosis, rabies, leptospirosis, anthrax,TB,
pneumonia, septicemia
Sharps HIV, HBV, HCV, Injuries
Cytotoxic/ radioactive Cancer, genetic mutation, birth defect

waste
Chemical waste Poisonings, dermatitis, conjunctivitis, bronchitis
& 3
NEED FOR BMW
MANAGMENT
 Nosocomial infections to patients from poor infection
control practices and poor waste management.
 Drugs which have been disposed of, being repacked

and sold off to unsuspecting buyers.
 Risk of air, water and soil pollution directly due to

waste, or due to defective incineration emissions and
ash.
 Risk of infection outside hospital for waste handlers

and scavengers, other peoples.
& 4
Magnitude of the problem
 Globally - Developed countries generate 1 to 5

kg/bed/day
 Developing countries: meager data, 1 to 2kg/pt./day
 WHO Report : 85% non hazardous waste

: 10% infective waste
: 5% non-infectious but hazardous.
(Chemical, pharmaceutical and
radioactive)
 INDIA:- No national level study
- local or regional level study shows hospitals
generate roughly & 1-2 kg/bed/day 5
India Extent of the problem
CPCB,April,2011 data
• > 95,000 hospitals and healthcare facilities in India .
• 4.2 lakh kg of biomedical waste is generated on a daily basis.
• Three million tonnes of medical wastes generated every year.
• Expected to grow 8% annually.
• 2,91,983 kg/day BMW is disposed. Which means that almost 28% of
the wastes is left untreated and not disposed finding its way in dumps
or water bodies and re-enters our system.
• Karnataka tops the chart with 62,241 kg/day of BMW.
• Only 179 CTF to treat the BMW in the country.
• No. of HCF violated BMW rules 5472
& 6
Generation, Segregation, Collection,
Storage, Transportation and
treatment of Biomedical waste
1. Generation:
Type Site of Generation Disposal By
Non-Hazardous Office, Kitchen, Muncipal/ Public
waste/General waste Administration, Authority
Hostels, Stores, Rest
rooms etc
Hazardous (Infectious Wards, Treatment Hospital itself
& toxic waste) room, Dressing room,
OT, ICU, Labour
room, Laboratory,
Dialysis room, CT
scan, Board
National Accreditation Radio-imaging
for Hospitals and Healthcare Organizations
&
etc
7
2.Segregation:
Done at point of Generation of waste and put in separate
coloured bags.
3.Collection of waste:
Sanitation staffs should collect the waste during three shifts
under the supervision of nursing staff and sanitation supervisor
& documented.
4. Storage of Waste:
• In an area away from general traffic and accessible only to
authorized personnel
• DO NOT store for more than 48 hours
& 8
TRANSPORT
• Transport by wheeled trolleys/

containers /carts only in vehicles
authorized for the purpose
• They should be
 Easy to load and unload
 No sharp edges
 Easy to clean
• Disinfect daily

& 9
Schedule-IV
Label for Transportation of Bio-Medical Waste Containers / Bags
• Waste category No. Day -------- Month --------

• Waste class Year --------
• Waste description Date of generation-----------
Sender's Name & Address Receiver's Name & Address
• Phone No. ........................... Phone No. ...........................
• Telex No. ............................ Telex No. ............................
• Fax No. ............................... Fax No. ...............................
• Contact Person ................... Contact Person ...................
In Case of Emergency, Please Contact:
• Name & Address
• Phone No.

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Treatment & Disposal:
• General waste should be dumped at municipal dumping

site. Sanitation supervisor should be responsible for
proper coordination between municipal and hospital.
• Use of label/symbol is useful in identifying waste for

treatment .eg: Risk of corrosion, Danger of Infection,
Toxic hazards, Glass Hazards, Radioactive materials etc.

& 11
LABEL FOR BIO-MEDICAL
WASTE CONTAINERS/BAGS
BIOHAZARD SYMBOL CYTOTOXIC HAZARD SYMBOL
BIOHAZARD CYTOTOXIC
HANDLE WITH CARE
& 12
1998 rules 2016 rules
Human body tissues – Human body tissues – Placenta,

Placenta, Amputed parts, Bone fragments.
Animal anatomical waste,
Amputed parts, Solid Waste- items contaminated with
Bone fragments, blood, body fluids- dressings, plaster
Animal anatomical casts, cotton swabs, bags containing
waste residual or discarded blood
Expired or discarded medicines,
cytotoxic drugs along with glass or
plastic ampoules, vials etc.
Chemical wastes ,
Discarded linen, mattresses, beddings
contaminated with blood or body
Disposal fluids.
YELLOW Microbiology, biotechnology, clinical
Incineration, BIN laboratory waste.
Plasma Pyrolysis National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Organizations
& 13
1998 Rules 2016 rules
Blood stained Gauze, Contaminated Waste

Cotton, (Recyclable)
Bandages,
Plaster of Paris. Disposable items – tubings,
bottles, intravenous tubes,
catheters, urine bags, syringes
(without needles & fixed
needle syringes), vaccutainers
Disposal with their needles cut, gloves.
Autoclaving/
Microwaving/
hydroclaving
followed by
shredding or
mutilation RED BIN
& 14
Plastic Syringes Glassware

IV Cannulas
Rubber Gloves Medicine vials, ampoules
Rubber Catheters except those contaminated
IV Drip sets with cytotoxic wastes.
Plastic IV Bottles
Plastic petri dishes
Disposal
Disinfection by
soaking the washed
glass after cleaning Cardboard
with detergent & box with blue
Sodium
Hypochlorite/ coloured
autoclaving/ marking
hydroclaving/ National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Organizations
& 15
recycling Consortium of Accredited Healthcare Organizations
Needles Waste sharps

including Metals:
In Freshly prepared
1% Sodium Needles, syringes with
Hypochlorite fixed needles, needles
solution from needle tip cutter or
burner, scalpels, blades
or any other
contaminated sharp
object that may cause
Disposal
Autoclaving or dry
puncture and cuts.
heat Sterilization
White Translucent
followed by Container
shredding, final
disposal to iron
foundries. & 16
Paper glass,
Plastic covers
Card boards
Papers
Vegetables
Food waste

BLACK BIN & 17
• Pre-treat the laboratory waste, microbiological waste,
blood samples and blood bags through disinfection or
sterilisation on-site.
• Provide training to all health care workers and others,
involved in handling of BMW at least once every year.
• Immunize all health care workers and others, involved
for protection against diseases including Typhoid,
Hepatitis B and Tetanus.
• Establish a Bar- Code System for bags or containers
containing bio-medical waste to be sent out of the
premises or place for any purpose within one year from
the date of the notification of these rules
& 18
• Ensure segregation of liquid chemical waste at
source and ensure pre-treatment or
neutralization prior to mixing with other
effluent generated from health care facilities.
• Provide adequate PPE’s.
• Health checkup atleast once a year.
• Untreated human anatomical waste, animal
anatomical waste, soiled waste and,
biotechnology waste shall not be stored beyond
a period of 48 hours.
& 19
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& 21
THANK YOU

& 22

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BIOMEDICAL WASTE

National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Organizations

“Bio-medical waste" means any waste, which is

National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Organizations

The hospital waste, in addition to the risk for patients and

Human / Animal waste/ HIV,HBV,HCV, Hgic fevers, cholera, salmonellosis,

Cytotoxic/ radioactive Cancer, genetic mutation, birth defect

 Drugs which have been disposed of, being repacked

 Risk of air, water and soil pollution directly due to

 Risk of infection outside hospital for waste handlers

 Globally - Developed countries generate 1 to 5

 WHO Report : 85% non hazardous waste

• Transport by wheeled trolleys/

National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Organizations

• Waste category No. Day -------- Month --------

National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Organizations

• General waste should be dumped at municipal dumping

• Use of label/symbol is useful in identifying waste for

National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Organizations

BIOHAZARD SYMBOL CYTOTOXIC HAZARD SYMBOL

Human body tissues – Human body tissues – Placenta,

Blood stained Gauze, Contaminated Waste

Plastic Syringes Glassware

Needles Waste sharps

National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Organizations

National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Organizations

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