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Chapter 3 Stoich Lecture Notes
Chapter 3 Stoich Lecture Notes
Stoichiometry
3.1 Atomic Masses
3.2 The Mole
3.3 Molar Mass
3.4 Percent Composition of Compounds
3.5 Determining the Formula of a Compound
3.6 Chemical Equations
3.7 Balancing Chemical Equations
3.8 Stoichiometric Calculations: Amounts of
Reactants and Products
3.9 Calculations Involving a Limiting Reactant
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Atomic Mass
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Atoms
• Avogadro’s Number is the number of 12C atoms in
exactly 12 grams of carbon
N0 = 6.02 X 1023
• The mass, in grams, of Avogadro's number of atoms of
an element is numerically equal to the relative atomic
mass of that element (relative to carbon)
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Molar Mass
• Molecular Mass (aka the molecular weight) of a
molecule equals the sum of the atomic masses of all of
the atoms making up the molecule.
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Moles
Strategy: Use the units. You are given grams. You need
moles. The molecular weight is given in g / mol). Then you
need molecules. Avo’s # is molecules / mole.
4 Al atoms + 3 O2 molecules
---produces--->
2 molecules of Al2O3
or
4 moles of Al + 3 moles of O2
---produces--->
2 moles of Al2O3
Br2 (l) + ___ Al (s) →
__Al2Br6 (s)
Balancing Chemical Equations
Step 5: Count the each atom type on each side of the equation.
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Balancing
Equations
Combustion of Propane
Combustion of Propane
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Limiting Reagent
1. Balance the reaction.
2. Convert reactant masses to moles [g(g/mol)-
1=mol]
2 Na + Cl2 → 2 NaCl
nNa = 1.00 g x (1 mol Na / 23.0 g Na) = 0.0435 mol Na
0.0141 moles of Cl2 gives 0.0282 moles of NaCl. Use the molecular
weight of NaCl to find the mass of NaCl produced.
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What mass (in grams) of xenon tetrafluoride would
be required to react completely with 1.000 g of
water?
XeF4 + 2 H2O → Xe + 4 HF + O2
=
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At one point in the purification of silicon, gaseous SiHCl3
reacts with gaseous H2 to give gaseous HCl and solid Si.
(a) Determine the chemical amount (in moles) of H2 required
to react with 160.4 mol of SiHCl3.
(b) Determine the chemical amount of HCl that is produced.
(c) Determine the mass (in grams) of Si that is produced.
(b)
(c)