National Culture

Outline

 Why Culture and Management?

 Hofstede’s Method
 Later Refinements
 Trompenaars (1996)’s seven dimensions
Why Culture and
Management?
 Managers are humans and exist in cultures
 They make decisions, have rituals, heroes, and use and
understand symbols.
 Hence they must be influenced by something other than
mere instinct or biology
“Culture”

 Patterns of thinking, feeling and acting

 Mental software, “Software of the Mind.”
 Source is social environments, almost certainly from
childhood
 Culture is learned, not inherited
Concept Ladder

Reality

Behavior Experience
Knowledge Experience
Malleability

Opinions Relationships
Attitudes
Peers, Heroes
Beliefs
Parents
Values
 What is Societal Culture??
 Societal culture is the culture that a particular society
 follows to interact in such a way to share a common interest.
 What is Organisational Culture??
 Organisational Culture is the unique personality of an
 organization that influences the behavior of the
 members in that organisation.
Effect of Culture in an
Organisation
 • Unity in Employees
 • Loyalty in Employees
 • Healthy Competition with in Employees
 • Direction to an Organisation
 • Identity of Organisation
Types Of Organisation Culture

 • Clan Culture
 • Adhocracy Culture
 • Market Culture
 • Hierarchy Culture
Impact Of Culture in an
Management tasks
 • Employees Performance
 • Organisation Environment
 • Organisation Effectiveness
 • Business Strategies
 • Productivity
Organisation Culture Vs Societal Culture
 Societal Culture
 Values • Learned Early
 • Held Deeply
 • Changes Slowly with
generation
 Originates • From consistency
in Values •
 Participation • Born Into it
 • Totally Immersed
 • Shared • Shared Meanings
 Relationship • Unconditional
Relationship
 Impact on Employees
 • Great Impact
 Organisation Culture
 Values • Broad Guidelines
which are rooted in the
organisation
 practices
 Originates From consistency
in Practices
 Participation • Socialized Into it
 • Partly Involved
 Shared • Shared Behaviour
 Relationship • Conditional
Relationship
 Impact on Employees
 • Less Impact