Literature

What are
the TYPES
of literature?
Poetry(poem)
Prose(essay)
What are the
FORMS of
literature?
POETRY
A. Narrative Poetry
Epic (heroic exploits)
Metric Romance(w/
emotions; simple/
straightforward story)
Metric Tale (real /imaginary
events; has wide scope)
Ballad (songlike; tells story)
B. Lyric Poetry
Ode (noble feeling)
Elegy (theme: death)
Song (w/ or w/o definite no.
of syllables & stanza)
Sonnet (sonneto -‘little
song’,14 lines)
a. Shakespearean
Sonnet
- rhyme scheme: ‘abab
cdcd efef gg’
- Contains 3 Sicilian
quadtrains and 1 heroic
couplet.
b. Petrarchan Sonnet
– 2 parts: ‘abba abba’
(octave) and ‘cde cde’
(Italian sestet) or ‘cdc
dcd’ (Sicilian sestet).
c. Spenserian Sonnet
– ‘abab bcbc cdcd ee’
 From Sonnets
William Shakespeare (1564-1616)

From fairest creatures we desire increase,

That thereby beauty’s rose might never die.
But as the riper should by time decease,
His tender heir might bear his memory:
But thou, contracted to thine own bright eyes,
Feed'st thy light’s flame with self-substantial fuel,
Making a famine where abundance lies,
Thyself thy foe, to thy sweet self too cruel.
Thou that art now the world’s fresh ornament
And only herald to the gaudy spring,
Within thine own bud buriest thy content
And, tender churl, mak'st waste in niggarding.
Pity the world, or else this glutton be,
To eat the world’s due, by the grave and thee
 Sonnet
Dante Alighieri (1265-1321)

Ye ladies, walking past me piteous-eyed,

Who is the lady that lies prostrate here?
Can this be even she my heart holds dear?
Nay, if it be so, speak, and nothing hide.
Her very aspect seems itself beside,
And all her features of such altered cheer
That to my thinking they do not appear
Hers who makes others seem beatified.
‘If thou forget to know our lady thus,
Whom grief o'ercomes, we wonder in no wise,
For also the same thing befalleth us,
Yet if thou watch the movement of her eyes,
Of her thou shalt be straightaway conscious.
O weep no more; thou art all wan with sighs.
 From Amoretti
Edmund Spenser (c. 1552-1599)

What guile is this, that those her golden tresses

She doth attire under a net of gold;
And with sly skill so cunningly them dresses,
That which is gold or hair, may scarce be told?
Is it that men’s frail eyes, which gaze too bold,
She may entangle in that golden snare;
And being caught may craftily enfold
Their weaker hearts, which are not yet well aware?
Take heed therefore, mine eyes, how ye do stare
Henceforth too rashly on that guileful net,
In which if ever ye entrapped are,
Out of her bands ye by no means shall get.
Folly it were for any being free,
To covet fetters, though they golden be.
C. Dramatic Poetry
a. Poetic Play
Comedy (humorous/ amusing)
Tragedy (has a sad ending)
Historical Play (set in medieval/
early modern past)
Farce (highly exaggerated)
Melodrama (very strong emotions)
b. Masque (played w/
masks)

c. Dramatic Monologue
(speech of a single
character in a complicated
situation)
PROSE
A. Fiction (imaginary stories)
Novel (long written story; w/ chapters)
Novelette/ Novella (longer than short
story, shorter than novel)
Short Story (under 10,000 words, w/
simple plot & can be read in one
sitting)
Prose Romance (usually of heroic
deeds, pageantry, romance)
Tale of Adventure and Experience
B. Essay (thoughts/
opinions about a subject)

C. Prose Drama (drama

script)
D. Biography, Autobiography, Letters,
Journals, Diaries

Biography (a person’s life written by another)

Autobiography (biography of a person narrated
by himself)
Letters (written/ printed message addressed to
someone)
Journals (daily record of observations/
occurrences)
Diaries (personal experiences & thoughts each
day)
Short
Quiz
1. A work of fiction shorter than a novel but longer than a short story.
(Novelette)
2. It is a highly exaggerated poetic play. (Farce)
3. A narrative poetry that tells a story about a hero or about exciting
events or adventures. (Epic)
4. A poetic play set in medieval or early modern past. (Historical Play)
5. The Italian Sonnet is named after ________? (Petrarch)
6. This is a poem of noble feeling, expressed with dignity, and praises
for some persons, objects, events or ideas. (Ode)
7. It is derived from an Italian word which means, “little song.” (Sonnet)
8. It is printed or written message addressed to a person or
organization. (Letters)
9. A prose narrative typically characterized by heroic deeds, pageantry
and romantic exploits, usually in historical or imaginary setting.
(Prose Romance)
10. What is an autobiography?
Group Activity:
REPORTING
Pre –colonial Period
Spanish Colonial Period
American Colonial Period
Japanese Colonial Period
Contemporary Period
Summary about the Philippine
history during the given period.
How was literature known during
that period? What type/s and
form/s of literature were popular?
Titles of the literary works that
were famous on that colonial
period and their authors.
Cite some examples of the
literary works.
Activity
Choose one of the three types of sonnet and
create your own based on the rhyme scheme
you have chosen.

Shakespearean: “abab cdcd efef gg”

Petrarchan: “abba abba cde cde” /
“abba abba cdc dcd”
Spenserian: “abab bcbc cdcd ee”

THEME: Romantic love