Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Pollutants
Primary
Secondary
PRIMARY POLLUTANTS
Rural homes
Animal feedlot
POINT
Suburban SOURCES
development Factory
Wastewater
treatment
plant
POINT SOURCE
EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION
LONDON SMOG, 1952
GRAY SMOG(COAL FUMES + HUMID CLIMATE)
LOS ANGELES -July 26, 1943
(VEHICLE POLLUTANTS + SOLAR RADIATIONS)
HISTORY OF SMOG
Corrosion of metals
spoiling buildings, sculptures and painted
surface.
Fly ash: fly ash is one of the residue generated
in combustion and comprises the fine particles
that rise with the flue gases. It contaminates
water and lead to heavy metal pollution.
AIR POLLUTION EFFECTS ON FORESTS, TREES &
PLANTS
Ozone produces a speckle of brown spots, which appear
on the flat areas of leaf between the veins
Sulfur dioxide: larger bleached-looking areas
Cell metabolism disruption (membrane damage,
respiration and photosynthetic effects)
Reduced growth and reproduction
Carbon dioxide and other gases allow light to pass, but trap heat in the
atmosphere much like glass in a greenhouse traps heat.
This greenhouse effect is thought to be responsible for global warming.
Carbon dioxide contributes to only 56% of greenhouse heating.
The average surface temperature of Earth is about 15°C (59°F).
Global Warming is increase in the average temperature of the atmosphere,
oceans, and landmasses of Earth.
GREENHOUSE GASES (GHGS)
Water vapor
Carbon monoxide
Methane
Nitrous oxide
Ozone.
SF6
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
IMPACT OF GLOBAL WARMING
• Temperature extremes.
• Rise in sea level, and change in precipitation.
• Injuries from storms, coastal flooding .
• Interruption of power supply, contamination of drinking
water.
• Drought
• Food shortages due to shift in agricultural food production
• Air pollution ( made worse by warming).
• Asthma, bronchitis, emphysema complications
• Strain on public health systems.
• Increased need due to population migrations.
• Unable to restrain spread of infectious diseases
OZONE DEPLETION
WHERE DOES OZONE COME FROM?
+ = O3
VOC + NOx + Heat + Sunlight = Ozone
O2 + hʋ O+O
O + O2 + M O3 + M
(M is a third body necessary to carry away the energy released from the
reaction.)
The amount of Atmospheric Ozone is measured by Dobson
Spectrometer and is expressed in Dobson Units (DU).
The Antarctica hole was discovered by Dr. Joe C. Farman and his
colleagues. Steep decline was observed since mid 1970s with a
record low concentration of 90DU in early October 1993.
CFCs are the group of synthetic chemicals first discovered by Thomas
Midgley Jr. in 1930.
CFC11 & CFC-12 are the most commonly used CFCs and are
commonly referred to as ozone-depleting substances (ODS).
London smog
LA smog
58
ACID RAIN
AIR POLLUTION
CONTROL
CONTROL MEASURES
• Building higher smoke stalks, facilitates the discharge of pollutants as far
away from the ground as possible.
• Industries should be carefully located as to minimize the effects of
pollution after considering the topography and the wind directions.
• Setting of industries after proper EIA.
• Substitution of raw materials that cause more pollution with those that
cause less pollution will also help.
• Modification of processes and/or equipments.
• Using low sulphur coal in industries
• Using non-conventional sources of energy.
• Using biological filters and bio-scrubbers.
• Planting more trees.
• Reduction of pollution at sources
CONTROL PROCESSES
Wet collectors
Fabric filter
Electrostatic precipitators
GRAVITY SETTLING CHAMBER
Collecting medium:
Recirculated water
Liquid drops
Wetted surface
Its advantages:
1. Capacity to handle large gas
volumes.
2. High collection efficiencies even
for small size.
3. Low energy consumption