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2 1 4 A ForceVectors
2 1 4 A ForceVectors
Vector Quantities
Have both a magnitude and direction
Examples: Position, force, moment
Vector Notation
Vectors are given a variable, such as A or B
Handwritten notation usually includes an
arrow, such as
A or B
Illustrating Vectors
Vectors are represented by arrows
Include magnitude, direction, and sense
Magnitude: The length of the line segment
Magnitude = 3
30°
+X
Illustrating Vectors
Vectors are represented by arrows
Include magnitude, direction, and sense
Direction: The angle between a reference axis and
the arrow’s line of action
Direction = 30° counterclockwise from the
positive x-axis
30°
+x
Illustrating Vectors
Vectors are represented by arrows
Include magnitude, direction, and sense
Sense: Indicated by the direction of the tip of
the arrow
Sense = Upward and to the right
30°
+x
Sense
+y (up) +y (up)
-x (left) +x (right)
(0,0)
-y (down) -y (down)
-x (left) +x (right)
Trigonometry Review
Right Triangle
A triangle with a 90° angle
Sum of all interior angles = 180°
Pythagorean Theorem: c2 = a2 + b2
Opposite Side
(opp)
90°
Adjacent Side (adj)
Trigonometry Review
Trigonometric Functions soh cah toa
sin θ° = opp / hyp
cos θ° = adj / hyp
tan θ° = opp / adj
Opposite Side
(opp)
90°
Adjacent Side (adj)
Trigonometry Application
The hypotenuse is the Magnitude of the
Force, F
In the figure here,
The adjacent side is the x-component, Fx
The opposite side is the y-component, Fy
Opposite Side
Fy
90°
Adjacent Side Fx
Trigonometry Application
sin θ° = Fy / F Fy= F sin θ°
cos θ° = Fx / F Fx= F cos θ°
tan θ° = Fy / Fx
Opposite Side
Fy
90°
Adjacent Side Fx
+y Sense = right, up
A = 75.0 lb
opp = FAy
35.0°
-x +x
adj = FAx
-y
Vector X and Y Components
Solve for FAx
adj FAx FAx
cos θ = cos θ = cos 35.0° =
hyp A 75.0 lb
FAx = 61.4 lb
A = 75.0 lb
opp = FAy
35.0°
-x +x
adj = FAx
-y
Vector X and Y Components
Solve for FAy
opp FAy FAy
sin θ = sin θ = sin 35.0° =
hyp 75.0 lb
A
FAy = 75.0 lb sin 35.0° up
+y
FAy = 43.0 lb
A = 75.0 lb
opp = FAy
35.0°
-x +x
adj = FAx
-y
Vector X and Y Components – Your Turn
Vector B
Magnitude = 75.0 lb
Direction = 35.0°CW from positive x-axis
+y
Sense = right, down
adj = FBx
-x +x
35.0°
opp = FBy
B = 75.0 lb
-y
Vector X and Y Components – Your Turn
Solve for FBx
adj FBx F Bx
cos θ = cos θ = cos 35.0° =
hyp B 75.0 lb
+y
FBx = 75.0 lb cos 35.0° right
opp = FBy
B = 75.0 lb
-y
Vector X and Y Components – Your Turn
Solve for FBy
opp −FBy −FBy
sin θ = sin θ = sin 35.0° =
hyp B 75.0 lb
+y
FBy = 75.0 lb sin 35.0° down
opp = FBy
B = 75.0 lb
-y
Resultant Force
Two people are pulling a boat to shore.
They are pulling with the same magnitude.
A = 75.0 lb
35.0
35.0
B = 75.0 lb
Resultant Force List the forces according to
sense.
FAy = 43.0 lb A = 75.0 lb
Label right and up forces
as positive, and label left
and down forces as
negative.
Magnitude is 122.9 lb
Direction is 0° from the positive x-axis
Sense is right
Resultant Force
Draw the resultant force (FR )
Magnitude is 123 lb
Direction is 0° from the positive x-axis
FAy = 43.0 lb Sense is right
FAx = 61.4 lb
FR = 122.9 lb
FBx = 61.4 lb
FBy = −43.0 lb
Resultant Force
C = 300 lb
D = 400 lb
Resultant Force
Find the x and y components of vector C.
FR 496.4 lb
59.8 lb 59.8 lb
FR
496.4 lb
Resultant Force
Solve for magnitude.
a2 + b2 = c 2
FR
59.8 lb
(59.8 lb)2 +(496.4 lb)2 = FR 2
496.4 lb
59.8 lb 2 + 496.4 lb 2 = FR
FR = 500.0 lb
Magnitude is 500. lb
Resultant Force
Solve for direction.
opp
tan
adj
59.8 lb
500. lb tan
59.8 lb 496.4 lb
1
59.8
tan
496.4 lb 496.4
7
500. lb
7°