Concept of inclusive

education
Inclusive education is a classroom model where students with special
needs are taught inclassroom.classroom has both a general education
and special education teacher co teaching strategy .CTT (Collaborative
Team Teaching)or ICT(integrated CoTeaching)
Inclusive Education
• Inclusive education happens when children with and without disabilities
participate and learn together in the same classes.Inclusive in education is
an approach to educating students with special educational needs.Under
the inclusion model,students with special needs spend most of all of their
time with not special needs students.
• This is not to say that students never need to spend time out of regular
education classes,because sometime they do for a very particular purpose
–for instance for speech or occupational therapy.But the goal is this should
be the exception.
Inclusion classroom –as having to moderate disabilities.
Self contained classroom- having severe /multiple disabilities.
It has the following characteristics
• Inclusive Education acknowledges that all children can learn.
• Acknowledges and respects difference in children :age ,gender ,
language ,cast disability etc.
• Enables education structures ,systems and methodologies to meet
the needs of all children.
• Is part of a wider strategy to promote an inclusive society.
• Recognizing education for all children as a fundamental right.
• The main objectives for doing this are to ensure that no child is
denied admission in any school.
Special Education
• Separate system of education for disabled children outside the
mainstream education.It was based on assumption that children with
disability had some special needs that could not be met in
mainstream schools.
• Integrated Education:- Disabled children or children with learning
difficulties attending main stream school .the child is accepted into
the ordinary school ,but is often taught separate classroom.
The learner with special needs tables can fit in with pre existing
structure altitudes and an unaltered environment.
Inclusive Education:- Disabled people of all ages and /or those learners
with special Educational needs labels being educated in mainstream
education settings along side their nondisabled peers,where there is a
commitment to removing all barriers to the full inclusive Education.
The benefits inclusive education are numerous for
both students with and without special need or
disabilities
• For students with special needs –
• Friendships
• Increased social initiations ,relationship and networks .
• Peer role models for academic ,social and behavior skills.
• Increased achievement of their goals .
• Greater access to general curriculum .
• Enhanced skill acquisition and generalization.
• Increased inclusion in future environments
• Greater opportunities for interactions
• Higher Expectations
• Increased school staff Collaborative.
• Increased parent participation
• Families are more integrated into community.
Benefits of inclusion for students without
special need:-
• Meaningful friendships.
• Increased appreciation and acceptance of individual differences.
• Increased understanding and acceptance of diversity.
• Respect for all people.
• Prepares all students for adult life in an inclusive society.
• Opportunities to master activities by practicing and teaching others.
• Greater academic outcomes.
• All students needs are better met ,greater resources for everyone.
Disadvantaged children?
• Comprises categories and other socially and educationally backward
categories based on cultural
,economical,social,geographical,linguistic,gender or other categories
that the appropriate government can separately notify.
The lists of disadvantage children are :-
• Blind and partially blind .
• Deaf and partially deaf.
• Crippled child (Born,Accidental,disease prone)
• Speech disorder :stammering ,shuttering.
• Pronunciation defect ,defect in sentence structure.
• Mentally retarded child .
• Socially Handicapped child.
Deprived child?
A Deprived child is a child under 18 years of age who is not given
proper parental care,control,education or other care and control
necessary for the physical and emotional well being of the child.The
term may also refer to a destitute ,homeless or abandoned child; a
child without a parent,guardian,or custodian ;a child whose home ,by
reason of neglect,cruelty or depravity on the part of the
parents,guardian or other person in whose care it may be,is an unfit
place for such child.
Deprived child
1. Who is for any reason destitute ,homelss or abantheed.
2. Who does not have the proper parental care or guardianship.
3. Who has been abused ,neglected or is dependent.,
4. Whose home is an unfit place for the child by reason of depravity on the part of the
parent or legal guardian of the child,or other person responsible for the health or
welfare of the child.
5. Who is a child in need of special care and treatment because of the child physical or
mental condition.
6. Who is child with a disability deprived of the nutrition necessary to sustain life or of
the medical treatment necessary to remedy or relieve a life threatening medical
condition.
7. Who ,due to improper parental care and guardianship ,is absent from school.
8. Whose parent legal guardian or custodian for good cause desires to be relieved of
custody.
Learning Disability OR Learning disorder:-
Learning disabilities should not be confused with learning problems
which are primarily the result of visual,hearning or motor
handicaps,but of intellectual disability or emotional disturbance or of
environmental or economic disadvantages.
Auditory Processing Disorder(APD)
Or central Auditory Processing Disorder,this is a condition that
adversely affects how sound that travels unimpeded with APD do no
recognize subtle difference between sound are loud and clear.They can
also find it difficult to tell where sound are coming from learning
Disability OR Learning disorder.
Dyscalculia:-
A specific learning Disability that affects a person’s ability to
understand numbers and learn math facts.Individuals will have poor
comprehension of math symbols,may struggle with memorizing and
organizing numbers,have difficulty telling time,or have trouble with
counting.
Dysgraphia:- It is problems with writing .an older child may not from
letters correctly and have difficulty writing within a certain space
.writing neatly takes time and efforts;yet despite the extra effort,the
handwriting still may be hard to read .A teacher may say that a learning
disabled student can’t finish written test and assignment on time and
supervisors may find that written tasks are always late or incomplete.
Dyslexia
t’s reading and language based learning Disability .with this problem a
child may not understand letters,groups of letters ,sentences or
paragraphs ,for example ,at the beginning of first grade,children may
occasionally reverse and rotate the letters they read and write.This may
be normal when they are first learning to read.by the middle of first
grade.these problem should disappear .however ,a young student with
dyslexia may not overcome these problems.the difficulty can continue
as the student grows .to him,ab may look like ad.she may write on
when she really means no.your child may reverse a 6 to make 9.
Dyspraxia-
A disorder that is character by difficulty in muscle control,which cause
problems with movement and coordination ,language and speech ,and
can affect learning .Although not a learning Disability,dyspraxia often
exists along with dyslexia,dyscalculia.
APHOSIA
• Difficulty speaking
• Difficulty understanding.
• Difficulty reading
• Difficulty writing.
Points to keep in mind for child with learning
disorder-
The education ,social and emotional needs of the individual,the types
• Of disabilities,and the degree of severity should determine the design and
delivery of educational programs and services.
• The regular education classroom ,must be available to all students with
learning disabilities and must be flexible enough to meet their changing
needs.
• Specialized instructional strategies ,materials and appropriate
accommodations must be provided as needed.
• Because of educational,social and emotional needs of students with
learning disabilities change over time , systematic and ongoing review of
the students progress and needs is essential to make appropriate
adjustment in current educational programs and related services.
Constitutional provisions related to inclusive
education in India
Given in fundamental right ,directive principals as well as fundamental
duties.
Article 21A- The Right of education inserted in constitution ,via 86th
amendment act.
Article 24 – No child below the age of 14 years shall be employed to
work in any factory or mine or engaged in hazardous employment.
Article 39(f) The state shall ,in particular direct it’s policy towards
securing the children are given opportunities and facilities to develop in
a healthy manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity and that
childhood and youth are protected against exploitation and against
moral and material abandonment.
• Article 45 changed – state shall endeavor to provide early childhood
care and education for all children until they complete the age of six
years.
• Article 51A- who is parent or guardian to provide opportunities for
education to his child or ,as the case may be ward between the age of
six and fourteen years.
Education of Minorities
Article 30 of the Indian constitution relates to certain cultural and
educational rights to establish and administer educational institutions.
• All minorities whether based on right religion or language ,shall have
the right to establish and administer educationat institutions oF therir
choice.
• The state shall not ,in granting aid to educational institutions
discriminate against any educational institution on the ground that it
is under the management of a minority,whether based on religion or
language.
Gifted child
• Common characteristics the gifted child may possess.
• Self disciplined , independent
• Sense of humor.
• Able to resist group pressure
• More adaptable and more adventurous.
• Greater tolerance for discomfort
• Little tolerance for boredom
• Preference for complexity
• High in memory ,good attention to detail
• High in divergent thinking ability
• Broad knowledge background
• Need think periods
• Need supportive climate , sensitive to environmental
• Need recognition,opportunity to share.