Professional Documents
Culture Documents
T3.6) Historical Development of Tourism (Part 2)
T3.6) Historical Development of Tourism (Part 2)
Century
4 reasons for travel:
trade/explore/education/diplomacy
Renaissance period is the rediscovery of the Roman
and Greek civilizations
Beginnings of the Grand Tour practiced in Italy to
discover the cities of Roman Civilization
Traveled mostly by land from UK, through
Paris to Italy
Cultural and aesthetic purposes
1
Because of the French Revolution in the late
1700s, many chefs of the French nobility were
settling throughout Europe. Some ventured as
fast as America, taking with them their tradition
of fine cuisine.
THE "GRAND TOUR" OF
THE BRITISH
ARISTOCRACY
TO EUROPE
IN THE 17th / 18th CENTURY
According to historian Edward
Gibbon, he remarked that the
‘Grand Tour’ is necessary for
developing minds.
"According to the law of custom,
and perhaps of reason, foreign
travel completes the education of
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7
a/Jean_Preudhomme.jpg/220px-Jean_Preudhomme.jpg an English gentleman."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Tour
17th and 18th Century
Read the information in Grand Tour and complete the task below by answering the following
questions:
13
THOMAS COOK
1st travel agency in the world
Offered guided tours of Europe
1st to introduce circular notes to be used by travelers
(traveler’s cheques)
1st to introduce hotel vouchers
In 1841 he organize a 1 day rail excursion trip for 550
peoples struggling against alcoholism.
From Leicester to Loughborough
Fare: 1 shilling = 5 pence
15
first outbound tourism First in everything!
for British to Europeans Hotel
capitals vouchers
Thomas Cook
organizes his first first nil cruise
trip to Liverpool
travellers cheques
16
The 20th Century
Effects of the industrial revolution: creation of the middle
class
Birth of Star liners (titanic)
Rise in people’s income and free time: such that tourism
is no longer accessible to only elites and Aristocrats
Demand for more and more income and free time
Proclamation of annual paid leaves in the 1936 –
became a right for full-time paid workers in many
countries
Before, workers work from morning till
night, 6 days a week
Sundays were treated as rest day &
days of worship
20
The 20th Century
After the 2nd World War, the tourism industry boomed
Introduction of the jet travel in 1958 made travel to the
Americas possible in 8 hours
Tour operators started including new destinations in tour
packages
Democratization of the use of cars amongst the middle class,
spreading the convenience of mobility
People could travel to new destinations or those not usually
served by trains
21
1830: The 1st steam powered passenger train
made its 1st passenger journey (Whitstable
Bay to Cantebury)
1842: Thomas Cook invents modern
packaged, group tourism, based on railway
transport
1860s: Steam powered ships : larger and safer
and faster and cheaper than sailing ships
Invention of bicycle in the late 1800s led to
the popularity of bicycle touring
The end of World War I (1918) and into the
1920s
Skegness in 1936.
7. Holiday camps targeted high-earning (i.e. wealthy)
visitors.
1974 in Australia:
4 weeks paid annual leave for all full-time paid
workers triggered a huge increase in holiday tourism
by Australians
Qantas launches packaged tourism from
Australia to Asian destinations
1985-90: the value of Japanese currency, yen, rises
greatly, leading to a huge increase in the number of
Japanese going overseas and in the amount of money
they spent
11 September 2001:
Terrorist attacks in the USA. Short-term
decrease in worldwide international
tourism (widespread fear)
Sharp increase in domestic tourism,
when many people visit perceived safer
destinations close to home
1790 in England: the start of beach
tourism