FULL VOLTAGE STARTING

INTRODUCTION

 This section will deal with the typical circuits used when motors are started on full line
voltage.
 The “Power Supply Authority” has definite requirements regarding the starting of large
motors. The requirements may vary, but in general the supply authority will insist that the
high starting current must not affect the supply system or disturb another consumer’s
equipment.
 When a is started by connecting it directly across the line(full voltage), the starting current
could be 600% of the nameplate current rating of the motor.
 If this high in-rush current does not affect the power supply system and the machinery will
stand the high starting torque, then full voltage starting may be acceptable
MANUAL FULL VOLTAGE MOTOR
STARTERS
This may be obtained in single-pole, double-pole, and three-pole designs
 SINGLE-POLE MANUAL MOTOR STARTER

 It provides one overload heater to protect the motor windings.

 DOUBLE-POLE MANUAL MOTOR STARTER

 Also provides one overload heater to protect the motor windings

 THREE-POLE MANUAL MOTOR STARTER

 Provides three overload heaters to protect the motor windings

 The power circuit contacts of the three manual motor starters are unaffected by the loss
of voltage. So consequently remains in the close position when the supply voltage fails.
 When the motor is running and the voltage fails, the motor will stop and restart
automatically when the voltage restored.
 The three manual motor starter is in the classification of “NO VOLTAGE RELEASE”.
MAGNETIC ACROSS-THE-LINE MOTOR STARTERS

 Unlike the manual motor starter in which the power contacts are closed manually, the
magnetic motor starter contacts are closed by energizing a holding coil. This enables the
introduction of automatic and remote control of the motor.
 A magnetic motor starter may have only one overload contact or three overload
contacts connected in series
 MAGNETIC MOTOR STARTER

 A magnetic motor starter is electrically operated switch rated in horse power and provides
for overload protection.
 MAGNETIC CONTACTOR

 A magnetic contactor is an electrically operated switch rated in amperes. Horsepower

rating are also available for most contactors.
 A smaller size magnetic contactors are referred to as relays.
 It consist of contacts and a coil. Energizing the coil will open and close the contacts
 It is used to interrupt heavy loads, while relays are generally rated at 15 amperes or less,
and are mainly used in control circuits.
 Control relays are often used to allow low voltage pilot devices to control a higher
voltage power circuit.
 Control relays may be referred to as an interlocking relay, jog relay, or a voltage failure
relay
 ELECTROMAGNETIC CONTROL

 It consist of a coil of wire place on the iron core.

 The contacts of a magnetic motor starter, contactor, or relay are closed by energizing
and electromagnet.
 When the current flows through the coil, the iron of the electromagnet becomes
magnetized, attracting the armature. Interrupting the current flow through the coil will
cause the armature drop out due to the air gap in the magnetic coil.
 The contacts are mechanically attached to the armature and will close and/or open as
the armature moves.
 SHADING COIL(RING)

 It is a single turn of conducting material mounted on the face of the magnet assembly.
 Without the shading coil, the armature would tend to open each time the main flux goes
to zero.
 Excessive noise, wear on the magnet faces, and heat would result.
 MOTOR OVERLOAD PROTECTION

TWO TYPES OF OVERLOAD DEVICES:

1. METAL ALLOY OVERLOAD DEVICE
- It is a metal alloy overload relays, heater, or elements may be divided into two
groups: GROUP 1 & 2
Group 1:
-The overload heater and the metal alloy (solder spot) are combined in one factory
assembled unit
Group 2:
- The overload heater or element is manufactured separately from metal alloy (solder
pot) and ratchet wheel
- The solder pot is factory-installed in the motor starters and the overload heater is field
installed
 OPERATION OF THE METAL ALLOY DEVICE

 When motor is loaded beyond the current rating of the overload device, the heater
element becomes hot.
 Heat is transferred to the metal allow (solder pot), causing the allow to melt, allowing
ratchet wheel to rotate.
 In a magnetic motor starter, when the ratchet wheel turns, an overload contact in the
control circuit opens, opening the electromagnet and stopping the motor
2. BIMETAL STRIP OVERLOAD DEVICE
- It consist of an overload heater element placed in the motor starter adjacent to the
metal strip
 OPERATION OF THE BIMETAL DEVICE

 It is comprised of two dissimilar metals fused together and secured at one end. When the
overload heater becomes hot, due to an overloaded condition, the heat is transferred to
the bimetal strip.
 The metals expands at a different rate, causing the strip to bend in a predetermined
direction, mechanically tripping the manual motor starter.
 In the magnetic motor starter, and overload contact opens, deenergizing the
electromagnet and stoppong the motor
 An overload device requires two factors in order to operate: increase current plus time
 SELECTING THE CORRECT OVERLOAD DEVICE

 Obtain the full load current (FLA) and the service factor stamped on the motor
nameplate.
 Take the FLA and the service factor to the chart located inside the motor starter and
select the correct the overload heater by catalogue number. The value of in amperes of
the heater will be a maximum of:
SERVICE FACTOR OF 1.0
FLA x 115%
SERVICE FACTOR OF 1.5
FLA x 125%
 The motor control manufacturers have already calculated the percentages into the
overload heater element.
 Pay close attention to any special instructions listed on the chart.
 The percentages used are designated in the electrical code book.
 OVERLOAD CONTACTS

 In a three-phase magnetic motor starter, you will find the three overload heater elements.
Some motor control manufacturers used one overload contact, while other used three
overload contacts.
 If one overload contact is used, and overload on any line will cause the overload contact
to open.
 When the three overload contacts are used, the overload contacts are connected in
series.
 Each contact is controlled by the adjacent overload heater.