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Myp 4
Myp 4
The DNA in cells is not stored as one long molecule, but is divided
into several individual lengths called CHROMOSOMES.
Substitution
A substitution is a mutation that exchanges one base for another.
Insertion
Insertions are mutations in which extra base pairs are inserted into a new
place in the DNA
Deletion
Deletions are mutations in which a section of DNA is lost, or deleted
Other mutations result in whole chromosomes being lost or repeated
during cell division.
Down syndrome, for example is the result of one of whole extra
chromosome 21, the result of faulty cell division in an egg or sperm.
How does the genetic code
produce physical characteristics?
A monk called Gregor Mendel made the first discovery of the laws
of heredity.
People really didn’t know how inheritance worked but they thought
it must work by blending.
For example, if a tall person has children with a short person, their
genes will be blended and the children will be of medium height.
This seemed to work with several characteristics such as height and
skin color. However, scientists didn’t have any other explanation
apart from blending hypothesis.
Mendel’s peas. Historical artwork of the peas used by
Gregor Mendel in his experiments.