Topic

DC GENERATOR
Before studying Equal area Criterion we have to
know about power stability study. Stability study is
the procedure for deciding the stability of a system
upon some disturbances and this is followed by
several switching actions.
Power System Stability

The tendency of a power system to develop restoring forces equal to or greater

than the disturbing forces to maintain the state of equilibrium is know as stability.
If the forces tending to hold machines in synchronism with one another are
sufficient to overcome the disturbing forces, the system is said to remain stable.
Stability Studies:
• Transient
• Dynamic
• Steady‐state
The main purpose of transient stability studies is to determine whether a system
will remain in synchronism following major disturbances such as transmission
system faults, sudden load changes, loss of generating units, or line switching.
Transient Stability Problems:
First‐swing;
Short study period after disturbance, based on a reasonable simple generator
model, without control system.
Multi‐swing;
longer study period of time after disturbance, thus consider the
effect of generator control systems.
In all stability studies, the objective is to determine whether or not the rotors of
the machines being perturbed return to constant speed operation.
 Rotor dynamics and the swing equation
Accelerating torque is the product of the moment of inertia of the rotor times its
angular acceleration.
The Power‐Angle Equation
Equal‐Area Criterion of Stability