PROBABILITY

Experiment Basic Outcome

• Any activity from which • A possible outcome of the
results are obtained. experiment

• Examples:
- Flip a coin
- Roll a die

Sample Space Events

• The set of all possible • Collections of basic
outcomes of an experiment outcomes from the sample
space.
 Exercises
• The experiment is to • The experiment is to flip
pick a card from a deck a coin three times.
of playing cards with - How many basic
four suits. Each suit has outcomes are there?
13 cards in it. - What is the sample
- How many possible space?
outcomes are there?
- What is the sample
space?
 Probability of an Event
• Chance that an event will occur
• Must lie between 0 and 1
• ‘0’ implies that the event will not occur
• ‘1’ implies that the event will occur

number of times the event occurs

PE 
total number of outcomes
 A group of five cards are numbered 1-5. You choose
one card at random. Find each theoretical probability.

• P(card is a 2)

• P(prime number)

• P(even number)

• P(less than 5)
• The experiment is to pick a card from a deck of
playing cards with four suits. Each suit has 13
cards in it.

- P(king)
- P(queen of hearts)
- P(even number)
- P(number)
QUIZ
 1. Use the spinner at the right to find each
theoretical probability.
• P(the number is odd)
• P(composite number)
• P(the number is less than 6)
• P(5)
• P(multiple of 3)
• P(not 5)
2. The experiment is to flip a coin three times.

- Probability of getting exactly two tails

- Probability of getting at least one head
- Probability of consecutively getting two heads
- Probability of getting three tails
Dependent Events Independent Events
• The occurrence of one • The occurrence of one
event affects how a second event does NOT affect how
event can occur a second event can occur

Mutually Exclusive Events

• Two events that cannot
occur at the same time