Assignment: Hard Disk

1. Abdul Hannan Shehzad

2. Muhammad Arslan
3. Zahid Manzoor
• Introduction of hard disk
• Components of hard disk
• Types of hard disk
• Hard disk capacity and size information
• Characteristics of hard disk
• Partitions in Hard disk
• Types of files in Hard disk
• It is a data storage device in a computer.
• It is a secondary storage device
• It stores data in binary form
• It is non-volatile storage
• The operating system, software and most other
files are stored in HDD
• It is invented in 1956 by IBM
• Now a day HDD with 3.5 inch or 5.25 inch
platters are used
• The amount of storage available in market are
500GB, 1TB and 2TB
1. Main components of Hard Disk
• Disk platter
• Stepper motor
• Spindle motor
• Read and write head
• Arm
 Disk Platter
 The platter is made up of magnetic material, in the flat disk
part of drive
1. The data stored in platter
2. Each set of magnetic partial is collection of a unit called bit
 New hard drive technology uses thin film metals and glass
platters to increase efficiency and drive storage capacity
Stepper motor
 Use stepper motors for controlling read/write head position
Spindle motor
It is directly connected with spindle on which platters are
connected
 Read and write head
• The heads read and write the information to the
drive platter
• The head writes the magnetic information on the
platter
Head Arm
• It is used for read and write operation
• There are five types of interfacing hard disc
 IDE
 SATA
 SCSI
 External Hard disk
 Miniature hard disk
 Removable hard disk
• IDE (integrated Device Electronic)/PATA(Parallel advanced
technology attachment)
1. It has 40 pin connector
2. Data transfer rate is 133 mbps
3. When installed this type hard drive ensure that the jumpers are
correctly configured
• SATA(Serial advance technology
attachment)
1. It has 7 pin connector
2. It is the latest high speed type of HDD
connector
3. Data transfer rate is 300mbps as there are
faster than old IDE interface
4. The latest HDD is using this type of interface
• SCSI(small computer system interface)
1. It has 50 or 68 pin connectors
2. The data transfer rate is 600mb/s
3. These require a SCSI adapter card connected to the system
4. Now a day, most of desktop computers did not use the
SCSI
• External Hard disk
1. It is separate hard disk that is connected to usb port or fire
wire on the system unit
• Removable Hard disk
1. It is a type of hard disk that can be inserted and removed
from a drive
2. It is used to read and write data
• Miniature hard disk
1. Miniature are very small hard disks.
2. These are available in different sizes
such as 0.85 inch, 1 inch and 1.8 inch
3. Its storage capacity is from 1 GB to 320
GB
• When pure chasing a HDD the term megabytes,
gigabytes and terabytes may be confusing there
are following table gives you example of these
terms and how they compare to these sizes

Term Equals to
Bit 0 or 1
Kilobit (Kb) 1024 bits
Byte 8bits
Kilobyte(KB) 1024 bytes
Megabyte(MB) 1024 KB
Gigabyte(GB) 1024 MB
Terabyte(TB) 1024 GB
Petabyte(PB) 1024 TB
Hexabyte(HB) 1024 PB
Zetabyte(ZB) 1024 HB
Yottabyte(YB) 1024 YB
• Data transfer rate (Bytes/second)
• Seek time (second)
• Power consumption(watt)
• Shock Resistant
• Spindle speed
• Latency
 Data transfer rate
1. Data transfer rate is the amount of bytes
transferred from HDD to other device or from
other devices to HDD
 Seek time
1. It is time required by read/write head to reach
the correct location on the disk
 Power consumption
1. The total power consumed by the hard disk
drive in one second is the power consumption
of hard disk
2. It is measured in watt
• Spindle speed
1. It is the speed at which drive transfer the
data
2. It is measured in rotations per minute
• Latency
1. Its is the time required by the spinning of
platter to bring the desired data to
read/write head
2. It is measured in milliseconds
• Primary partition
• Extended partition
• Logical partition
• Primary partition
1. Windows operating system must be located in a primary
partitions
2. Only primary partitions can be used to boot the opteating
system
• Extended partitions
1. A hard disk may contain only one extended partition
2. It can be subdivided into multiple logical partition
• Logical partition
1. Linux operating system can be installed into logical
partitions
 • There are two type of files in HDD
1. FAT(file allocation table)
2. NTFS(new technology file system)
FAT 32 NTFS
It is not a security It’s a security

Maximum file 4GB Maximum file 244Bytes

It doesn't support data comparison It support data comparison

Can be converted into NTFS Ican not be converted into FAT

It was designed in 1977 It was designed in 1993

 Believe in yourself and all that you are. Know
that there is something inside you that is
greater than any obstacle.
(Christian D.Larson)