NELSON MANDELA HOUSE

ILMA NAFEES
WAHAB HUSSAIN
DANIA IRSHAD
AQDAS USMANI
CENTRE FOR
EUROPEAN AND
LATIN AMERICAN
STUDIES, NELSON
MANDELA
HOUSE, MUJEEB
BAGH, , JAMIA
MILLIA ISLAMIA
 AN ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IS INSTALLED IN THE BUILDING THAT PROVIDES FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF
ELECTRICAL WIRING THROUGHOUT. IT INCLUDES MAIN SWITCHBOARD, WHICH RECEIVES THE POWER SOURCE FROM
THE SERVING UTILITY, AND ALL THE ASSOCIATED COMPONENTS SUCH AS PANEL BOARDS THAT DISTRIBUTE ALL THE
REQUIRED BRANCH CIRCUITS THROUGHOUT THE FACILITY.

SUBSTATION
THE LEVEL OF VOLTAGE UNDERGOES A CHANGE WITH THE HELP OF TRANSFORMERS WITHIN THE SUBSTATION.
IT IS BUILT SEPARATE FROM THE BUILDING
IT ALSO HOUSES SWITCHES(MCB, CIRCUIT BREAKWRS), METERSAT THE LOWEST VOLTAGE LEVEL, 3 PHASE 4 WIRE
SUPPLY ADOPTED
THE NEUTRAL WIRE IS TAKEN OUT FROM THE COMMON POINT OF THE STAR CONNECTED SECONDARY OF THE 6
KV/400 V DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER.

TRANSFORMER
DISTRIBUTION LINE
THE LINES DISTRIBUTE THE ELECTRIC SUPPLY THROUGHOUT THE BUILDING
ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION FROM WHICH ELECTRICITY IS PROVIDED TO
THE NELSON MANDELA HOUSE

INSIDE OF THE SUBSTATION

NEAR RAMANUJAN BLOCK

THE BUILDING DOES NOT

HAVE ITS OWN
TRANSFORMER AS WELL AS
GENERATOR , IT GETS POWER
FROM THE TRANSFORMER
AND GENERATOR OF THE
RAMANUJAN BLOCK.
 FOR THE PROTECTION AT THE SECONDARY LEVEL SIDE OF TRANSFORMER A FEEDER PILLAR
PANEL WAS INSTALLED.

 FEEDER PILLARS ARE THE BREAKER PANELS WHICH IS THE VERY

FIRST SET OF SWITCHING/PROTECTION DEVICE AT THE
OUTPUT/SECONDARY SIDE OF THE TRANSFORMER AND PANEL BOARD
IS A SET OF SWITCHING/PROTECTION DEVICES USED FOR
DISTRIBUTION OF POWER SUPPLY.
 FEEDER PILLAR IS AN EFFECTIVE ELECTRICAL ENCLOSURE TO
PROVIDE ELECTRICAL SERVICES FOR LOW VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL
DISTRIBUTION APPLICATIONS. IT IS DESIGNED AS COMPACT AND
ROBUST FOR VANDALISM PROTECTION.THE METAL ENCLOSURE IS
MADE OF SHEET STEEL OF MINIMUM 2MM THICKNESS,MOUNTED ON A
STEEL BASE FRAME OF MINIMUM 3MM THICKNESS. ENCLOSURE IS
SUITABLE FOR OUTDOOR APPLICATION.
 THE LOW VOLTAGE FEEDER PILLAR COMPRISES OF THE FOLLOWING
COMPONENTS:

• FEEDER PILLAR ENCLOSURE

• BUSBARS
• CURRENT TRANSFORMER
• INSTRUMENTAL PANEL
• INCOMING UNITS
• OUTGOING UNITS

FEEDER PILLAR PANEL

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS IN BUILDINGS
WIRES
WIRING SYSTEMS
MAIN AND DISTRIBUTION BOARDS
VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION

A DISTRIBUTION BOARD IS A COMPONENT OF AN ELECTRICITY SUPPLY SYSTEM WHICH DIVIDES AN ELECTRICAL

POWER FEED INTO SUBSIDIARY CIRCUITS, WHILE PROVIDING A PROTECTIVE FUSE OR CIRCUIT BREAKER FOR EACH
CIRCUIT, IN A COMMON ENCLOSURE.

THE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM CAN BE DIVIDED INTO TWO CATEGORIES

• THE VERTICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM (RISING MAINS)
• THE HORIZONTAL SUPPLY SYSTEM (DISTRIBUTION AT EACH FLOOR LEVEL).

Distribution Board Detail of distribution board

Scheme of power distribution in a large
building using sub distribution board.
 ENTRY INTO THE BUILDING:
• THE SUPPLY INSIDE THE BUILDING IS THROUGH UNDERGROUND
DUCTS SINCE IT IS PREFERRED BECAUSE IN THIS ALL THE ELECTRICAL
SERVICES ARE HIDDEN.
• THE UNDERGROUND DUCTS HAVE BEEN BOUGHT UPTO THE GROUND
LEVEL FOR ITS SUPPLY TO THE BUILDING.
• THEN THE CABLES GO TO THE MAINS SUPPLY .
• FROM THE MAINS SUPPLY IT GOES INTO DISTRIBUTION BOARD. THERE
ARE THREE DB’S ON ONE FLOOR.
• THE SUPPLY SYSTEM IS THREE PHASE SYSYTEM IN WHICH THE FOUR
WIRES BRING 420/240 VOLTS 50 CYCLES PER SECOND
• THE TYPE OF WIRING USED IN THE BUILDING IS SHEATED AND
CONDUIT
• THE TYPE OF SUPPLY IS A/C CURRENT

MAINS SUPPLY SWITCH

 TYPE OF WIRING USED

CONDUIT WIRING

CABLES THROUGH PVC PIPES WERE SUPPORTED OVER THE WALLS

ADVANTAGES
NO RISK OF FIRE AND GOOD PROTECTION AGAINST MECHANICAL INJURY.
THE LEAD AND RETURN WIRES CAN BE CARRIED IN THE SAME TUBE.
SHOCK PROOF WITH PROPER EARTHING AAND BONDING AND CONTINUITY IS
ASSURED
WATERPROOF AND TROUBLESHOOTING IS EASY

DISADVANTAGES
ERECTION IS QUITE COMPLICATED AND IS TIME CONSUMING
RISK OF SHORT CIRCUIT UNDER WET CONDITIONS (DUE TO CONDENSATION OF WATER
IN TUBES.
TYPES OF APPLIANCES USED:

• LIGHT BULBS: - DOWN LIGHT

- HALOGEN FLOOD LIGHT
• CEILING FANS
• COMPUTERS
• AIR CONDITIONERS
• BATTEN LAMPHOLDERS
 SWITCHES
A SWITCH IS USED TO MAKE OR
INTERRUPT A CIRCUIT. A COMPLETE
SWITCH CONSISTS OF THREE PARTS. A
BOX FIXED TO THE WALL AND A FRONT
PLATE OVER IT AND THE CABLES
GOING TO THE SWITCH ARE DRAWN
INTO THE BOX. AFTER THIS THE CABLES
ARE CONNECTED TO THE MECHANISM.

SOCKET OUTLETS
A SOCKET OUTLET IS A FEMALE SOCKET
CONNECTED TO THE POWER WIRING IN THE
BUILDING AND WILL ACCEPT THE MALE
PLUG ATTACHED AT THE END OF THE
FLEXIBLE CORD OF AN APPLIANCE OR AN
ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT. THE GENERAL
ARRANGEMENT OF SOCKET OUTLETS IS
SIMILAR TO THAT OF SWITCHES.
 MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER (MCB)
ADVANTAGE
SHORTER TRIPPING TIME
CAN BE REUSED
EASY TO RESET
HAS A SWITCH THAT CAN ISOLATE THE EQUIPMENT.

DISADVANTAGE
DUE TO AGING, SLOW TRIPPING
SURROUNDING TEMPERATURE MAY AFFECT THE MCB

FUSES ARE THE EARLIEST MEANS OF PROTECTION OVER CURRENTS IN

CIRCUITS.
FUSED CONNECTION UNITS:
FUSED CONNECTION UNITS COLLOQUIALLY KNOWN AS FUSED SPUR UNITS ARE USED FOR
CONNECTING A SINGLE PERMANENTLY FIXED APPLIANCE TO THE WIRING. THEY ARE USED, FOR
EXAMPLE, FOR CONNECTING FIXED AS OPPOSED TO PORTABLE ELECTRIC FIRES, WATER HEATERS AND
OTHER EQUIPMENT OF THIS SORT. ELECTRICALLY, THEY PERFORM THE SAME FUNCTION AS A SOCKET
AND PLUG COMBINATION, THE DIFFERENCE BEING THAT THE TWO PARTS CANNOT BE SEPARATED AS
THE PLUG AND SOCKET CAN. THEY ARE OFTEN USED WHEN A FIXED APPLIANCE IS TO BE SERVED
FROM A RING MAIN CIRCUIT SERVING SOCKET OUTLETS AS WELL AS THE FIXED APPLIANCE.
CIRCUIT BREAKER:
IT IS A DEVICE FOR MAKING AND BREAKING A
CIRCUIT(UNDER NORMAL AND ABNORMAL
CONDITIONS)
MCB
ISOLATOR
RESIDUAL CURRENT OPERATED CIRCUIT BREAKER
(RCCB)

PROTECTIVE DEVICS:
FUSES OR CIRCUIT BREAKERS- MCB
SURGE PROTECTION DEVICE
EARTHING OR GROUND OF EQUIPMENT
SOME BASIC AND IMPORTANT POINTS, IN RELATION TO A MODERN POWER
SYSTEM, ARE SUMMARIZED BELOW:
1. GENERATION, TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER IN OUR COUNTRY IS
CARRIED OUT AS 3-PHASE SYSTEM AT 50 HZ.
2. THREE MOST IMPORTANT CONVENTIONAL METHODS OF POWER GENERATION IN OUT
COUNTRY ARE: COAL BASED THERMAL PLANTS, HYDEL PLANTS AND NUCLEAR PLANTS.
3. LOAD CENTERS (WHERE THE POWER WILL BE ACTUALLY CONSUMED) ARE IN GENERAL
SITUATED FAR AWAY FROM THE GENERATING STATION. SO TO TRANSMIT THE LARGE
AMOUNT OF POWER (HUNDREDS OF MW) EFFICIENTLY AND ECONOMICALLY OVER LONG
DISTANCE, HIGH TRANSMISSION VOLTAGE (SUCH AS 400 KV, 220 KV) IS USED.
4. MATERIAL USED FOR TRANSMISSION LINES IS BARE IS BARE COPPER CONDUCTORS WHICH
ARE SUPPORTED AT REGULAR INTERVALS BY STEEL TOWERS. STACK OF DISK TYPE CERAMIC
INSULATORS ARE USED BETWEEN THE HV LINE AND THE STEEL TOWER.
5. LEVEL OF CURRENT DECIDES THE SECTION OF THE LINE CONDUCTOR AND THE LEVEL OF
VOLTAGE DECIDES THE AMOUNT OF INSULATION REQUIRED.