Socialization &

Education

Chapter 4
What is socialization?
A transmission process which formal & informal knowledge
or skill

A process which a person learns about role, status & value

that one should have in a society

Socialization is a constant learning

It change an individual’s behaviour to adapt into the current

society
Concept of Socialization
Socialism theories focus on:
 Observing cognitive development
 Obtaining moral
 Personal identity through family relationship
 Emphasizing moral category & value
 Obtaining self concept & social identity
 Development of social skills
 Lacey (1997)- Conflict perspective
 Musgrave (1972)-structural perspective
-interpersonal
 Types of socialization

1. Starting Socialism (Primer)

2. Secondary Socialization

3. Developmental Socialization

4. Anticipatory Socialization

5. Re-socialization
 Agents of socialization
• Act as basic in learning about relationships and
Family values.
• Provide human with first system of values, beliefs
and norms.

• Official purpose to transfer subject knowledge and

School teach life skills. (technical and intellectual skills)
• Also learn social skills and the bureaucratic
organization. (hidden curriculum)

• Opportunity to form equal relationships with others

Peer group on our own term.
• Chance to develop social skills towards adult
socialization.
 • Crucial and influential agent in this era.
Mass media • Open up exploration and interaction of
cultural boundaries.

• Develops shared cultures among co-

Workplace workers.
• Inserting rules in workplace

• Act as the key force for humans around

the world.
Religion • Has significant role in organizing and
directing social life.
Significance of socialization in
education
To see the
Education can
differences and Toleration in
help individuals
similarities in interaction.
in society.
education.

Student’s view Strengthen

Produce a
on social educators’ skills
clear vision to
mobility and dealing with
all.
future. students.

Educators have a Enable educators

Help educators
balance of to have skills in
understand
knowledge about interpreting and
others cultures.
human beings. researching.
 What is school culture?
Deal and Peterson(1993) : An inner reality
Every person's intention, contribution and involvement

Robbins and Alvy(1995): this shaped culture influences what

organizational member care about, are they willing to spend time
on doing and how they celebrate and what they talked about.

Fullan(2007) : The guiding beliefs and values evident in a way

school operates.
Can be used to include all the attitudes, expected behaviour and
values that impact how the school operates.
 School culture
• Race, religion, socio-economic status or the size of the
school are not included in school culture.
• Instead, culture is the combination of values , belief that
shared and practised by participants in organization.
• Culture also affects everything that happen in school.
• Before some values become a culture, an organization
must reach an agreement on how do things and what is
worth doing.
 School culture
• Wagner (2000): “Shared experience both in school and out of school
(traditions and celebrations), a sense of community, of family and
team”.
• Staff stability and common goal are the strength of the school. If both
practising good school culture, the school would function well.

• Common agreement established. (Agreed on constructing curricular

and instructional components)

• Open and honest communication is encouraged.

 Significance of school culture
Three principal activities will raise standardized test scores,
make them more accountable.
• Making • Making decision • Placing considerable
decision about about instructional time & attention on
the curriculum methodology test taking skills

HOWEVER, often shortfall to attain expected results:

overworked, student achievement, staff satisfaction, parent
engagement, community support.

The culture of learning community is toxic no matter what

“improvement initiative” is implemented
There are 3 markers to identify and
measure as well as strengthen the
culture.
1. Professional Collaboration
(how we work and deal with others)
2. Affiliation and Collegiality
(how we learn from each other)
3. Self-Determination & Efficacy
(how efficient we work, what are our
qualities)
11 Norms of School Culture
1. Collegiality – they have similar challenges

2. Experimentation

3. High Expectation

4. Trust & Confidence

5. Tangible Support

6. Reaching Out to the Knowledge Base

 7. Appreciation & Recognition

8. Caring, Celebration & Humor

9. Involvement in Decision Making

10. Traditions

11. Honest, Open Communication

 2. Experimentation
1. Collegiality
Teaching is an intellectually exciting
activity. Teachers are encouraged to
Schools have similar challenges and needs, and different
develop and experiment with new ideas as
talents and knowledge
well as techniques to improve schools and
teachers.
They can learn from each other, evaluate & develop
curriculum and plan special projects together
They can stop working on things that are
not effective but their efforts are still
They develop cooperative learning and thinking skills
awarded. They always look for more
effective ways of teaching.

3. High Expectation
4. Trust & Confidence
Accountable for high performance through
regular evaluations. Administrators and parents
They are specifically expected to practice trust teachers’ professional
collegiality & to experiment with new ideas. judgment and commitment
They are rewarded & this continued to improvement.
professional development is highly valued.
While teachers often feel under pressure to
excel, they thrive on being part of a dynamic
organization .
 5. Tangible Support
When teachers need help to improve
their instruction, people extend
themselves to these teachers with both
time & resources.
People believe the professional
knowledge & skills of teachers are so
important to good schooling – developing
human resources.
7. Appreciation & Recognition
Good teaching is honoured in any
school and community.
Teacher recognition as a regular
feature of school committee
meetings, PTA luncheons, short
notes etc.
6. Reaching Out to the Knowledge
There are generic knowledge bases about
teaching skills and how students learn,
teaching methods in a particular area, about
young people’s cognitive & affective
development, about each of academic
discipline.
2 features – curious nature, the reality and
usefulness of these knowledge bases.
8. Caring, Celebration &
Humour
Teacher’s day, share some good
humours, less formal ways, and
make as one of the prominent
school culture.
 9. Involvement in 11. Honest, Open
10. Traditions
Decision Making Communication
• Teachers are • Stimulating • Teachers speak of
involved in occasions or their mind to their
decision-making functions that colleagues and
process on certain both teachers and administers
issues within the students can responsibly and
school whether it enjoy. with consideration
directly affect the without having to
students or the worry about losing
teachers their self-esteem
themselves. or harming their
relationships.
 The Significance of School
Culture Towards Education
Teachers need to
Surrounding the
understand the Adapting an effective
students with good
appropriate culture teaching and learning
and positive
to mould the process.
environment.
students.

The benchmark for a

Enhancing students’
positive result of a
achievement and
good school culture
boost up their self-
is the students‘
esteem.
achievement.
 Conclusion

In order to build
a good society,
the school The teachers are
culture has to the pillar in
play an building a good
important role. school culture.

Though there are

negative
A good society
component,
forms from a
community needs
concrete school
to help instilled
culture.
the culture with
deep thoughts.
Thank you