ELECTRICAL ENERGY

MR. PETER PAUL R. PERUDA, LPT

ELECTRICAL ENERGY

• A charge located in an electric field has electrical

potential energy.
• The electrical potential energy of like charges
increases as they are forced nearer each other
and decreases as they move apart.
• The electrical potential energy of unlike charges
increases, as they are pulled apart and decreases
as they move together.
Electrical Potential Difference or Voltage
Change or Voltage

• Is defined to reflect the change in electrical energy a

particle undergoes when moving between different
points in space.
• Its unit is the volt defined as the change in electrical
potential difference that occurs when 1-Coulomb charge
experiences a change in electrical potential energy of
one joule.

1 volt=1joule/coulomb
• Electrical potential, V, of a point charge is the ratio of
the total electric potential energy and the amount of the
charge.
• At any location the potential energy per charge –
whatever the amount of charge – will be the same

Potential, V=PE/charge
V=kQ/r
Where:

V = electrical potential, volts

K = proportionality constant
= 9x109 Nm2/C2
Q = charge, coulomb
r = distance of the charge from the given
point, m
CAPACITANCE AND DIELECTRIC

• Electric field is built up between two charges. With

this, a very important electronic component was
developed.
• When two parallel metal plates are given equal but
opposite charges, the system of conductors will store
energy in the form of electric field.
• a small distance separates the two plates allowing
them to build up electric field between them.
• This system of conductors that stores energy in
the form of electric field is called a CAPACITOR.
• Capacitors are commonly used in microphones,
defibrillator and flash bulb of cameras.
• The ratio of the charge on either conductor of a
capacitor to the potential difference between the
conductors is called CAPACITANCE, C, which is
measured in farad.
The Formula…

C=Q/V
Where: C= capacitance of the capacitor, Farad
Q= charge on either plate, Coulomb
V= potential difference between the
conductor, Volts