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Sample Size Calculation Guide

This document describes how to use an online sample size calculator to determine the required sample size for different statistical tests, including one-sample t-tests, two-sample t-tests, and tests of two proportions. Examples are provided for each type of test that demonstrate how to enter parameters and interpret the results, obtaining required sample sizes of 22, 8 per group, and 170 per group, respectively. The corresponding R code for each example is also shown.

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parth515
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176 views25 pages

Sample Size Calculation Guide

This document describes how to use an online sample size calculator to determine the required sample size for different statistical tests, including one-sample t-tests, two-sample t-tests, and tests of two proportions. Examples are provided for each type of test that demonstrate how to enter parameters and interpret the results, obtaining required sample sizes of 22, 8 per group, and 170 per group, respectively. The corresponding R code for each example is also shown.

Uploaded by

parth515
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Sample Size Using

Online Calculator
http://powerandsamplesize.com/Calculators/

First connect to Calculators


Select Sample Size Calculator
Power for t-tests
Power for Proportions
One Sample Example
You are trying to detect a mean difference of 18 for a
variable with a standard deviation of 30. How many
subjects are required for a power of 80%.?
The hypotheses to be tested are
H0:  = 18
HA:  ≠ 18
Select 1-Sample, 2 Sided
Equally for this example

Fill these boxes


sample size will be
calculated in this box

Click on Calculate
Required sample size=22
Using R code for One Sample Example

mu=68
Just modify the R code from the
mu0=50 site 1-Sample, 2 Sided Equally
sd=30
alpha=0.05
beta=0.20
(n=(sd*(qnorm(1-alpha/2)+qnorm(1-beta))/(mu-
mu0))^2)
ceiling(n)# 32
z=(mu-mu0)/sd*sqrt(n)
(Power=pnorm(z-qnorm(1-alpha/2))+pnorm(-z-qnorm(1-
alpha/2)))
Using R code for One Sample Example

Required sample size=24


Two Samples Example
We need to estimate the sample size needed to compare
diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between two groups
(treated & controls) at an -level of 0.05 and a power of
90%. For the treated group (mean=71.5, sd= 6.7). For
the control group (mean=81.5, sd= 7.07).
The hypotheses to be tested are
H0: t= c
HA: t  c
Two Samples Example

Select this for two


samples example
Two Samples Example

Enter the largest


standard
deviation here
Click on Calculate
Required sample size is 8 for each group
Using R code
muA=71.5
muB=81.5
kappa=1
sd=7.07
alpha=0.05
beta=0.20
(nB=(1+1/kappa)*(sd*(qnorm(1-alpha/2)+qnorm(1-
beta))/(muA-muB))^2)
ceiling(nB)
z=(muA-muB)/(sd*sqrt((1+1/kappa)/nB))
(Power=pnorm(z-qnorm(1-alpha/2))+pnorm(-z-
qnorm(1-alpha/2)))
Using R code

Required sample size=8 in each group


Two Proportions Example
We need to estimate the sample size needed to compare
success rate for two smoking cessation programs. The
proportion of success in one program is 60% and is 45%
in the other program. The -level is 0.05 and we require a
power of 80%.
The hypotheses to be tested are
H0: 1= 2
HA: 1  2
Two Proportions Example

Select this for two


proportions example
Two Proportions Example
Two Proportions Example
Required sample size=170 in each group
Using R code for Two Proportions
pA=0.60
pB=0.45
kappa=1
alpha=0.05
beta=0.20
(nB=(pA*(1-pA)/kappa+pB*(1-pB))*((qnorm(1-alpha/2)
+ qnorm(1-beta))/(pA-pB))^2)
ceiling(nB)
z=(pA-pB)/sqrt(pA*(1-pA)/nB/kappa+pB*(1-pB)/nB)
(Power=pnorm(z-qnorm(1-alpha/2))+pnorm(-z-qnorm(1-
alpha/2)))
Using R code for Two Proportions

Required sample size=171 in each group

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