By:

De Guzman, Paul
Cruz, Aldrin
 To acquire basic knowledge on the nature and behavior of
fire

 To be familiar with the proper response procedures during

fire emergencies

 To increase awareness on fire safety and be more prepared

in case of a fire incident.
 BFP is mandated to prevent and suppress destructive fires,
conduct investigation, provide emergency medical and
rescue services and enforce the Republic Act 9514
 The active principle of burning, characterized by the heat
and light of combustion (RA 9514).
 It is a rapid oxidation process accompanied with the
evolution of light and heat of varying intensities.
 Oxygen Sources Heat Sources
Approximately 16% To Reach Ignition Temperature
Required Open Flames - The Sun
Normal air contains Hot Surfaces
21% O2. Some fuel Sparks and Arcs
materials contain Friction - Chemical Action
Electrical Energy
sufficient oxygen within
Compression of Gases
their makeup to support
burning.
CHEMICAL
REACTION

SOLID LIQUID GAS

Bulky - Dust Gasoline Kerosene Natural Gas
Finely Divided Coal Turpentine Alcohol Propane
Wood Paper Liver Oil Paint Butane Hydrogen
Cloth Plastic Varnish Lacquer Acetylene
Grain Others Olive Oil Others Carbon Monoxide
 Point wherein the fire starts

 There is plenty of oxygen, little heat and smoke

 Fire is still small and generally confined to the fuel that

initially ignited
 Temperature and smoke level increases

 Oxygen level decreased and the fuel is already dried out

 Hot gasses rise to the ceiling and spreads outward the walls

 Can be continuous if there is enough fuel and oxygen

 The smoke layer is getting thicker and fire is starting to spread

to nearby furniture
 Transition between growth and fully developed stage

 Presence of huge smoke which indicates the rapid change of

situation

 May involve exposed combustibles

 Increasing level of smoke with decreased visibility

 Gasses are generated by heat

 All combustibles materials present are continuously
burning

 Maximum amount of heat is released

 The volume of fire is dependent of the number and size of

ventilation openings

 Unburned gasses begin flowing to adjacent spaces and

ignite once it enters a space where air more abundant
 Intensity of fire decreasing due to lack of available fuel

 Most of fuel consumed

 Effort concentrated on cooling of the remaining fuel

 Fire is the set of practices intended to reduce the
destruction caused by fire.
 Fire safety measures include those that are
intended to prevent ignition of an uncontrolled fire,
and those that are used to limit the development
and effects of a fire after it starts.
 Fire safety measures include those that are planned
during the construction of a building or
implemented in structures that are already
standing, and those that are taught to occupants of
the building.

 Threats to fire safety are commonly referred to

as fire hazards. A fire hazard may include a situation
that increases the likelihood of a fire or may
impede escape in the event a fire occurs.
 Fire hazards are workplace hazards that involve the
presence of flame or the risk of an uncontrolled fire.
 Fire hazards include:
 Live flames
 Sparks
 Hot objects
 Flammable chemicals
 Chemicals that can aggravate a fire
 Kitchen fires from unattended cooking, grease fires/chip
pan fires
 Electrical systems that are overloaded, poorly maintained
or defective
 Combustible storage areas with insufficient protection
 Combustibles near equipment that generates heat, flame,
or sparks
 Candles and other open flames
 Smoking (Cigarettes, cigars, pipes, lighters, etc.)
 Equipment that generates heat and utilizes combustible
materials
 Flammable liquids and aerosols
 Flammable solvents (and rags soaked with solvent) placed
in enclosed trash cans
 Fireplace chimneys not properly or regularly cleaned
 Cooking appliances - stoves, ovens
 Heating appliances - fireplaces, wood-burning stoves,
furnaces, boilers, portable heaters, solid fuels
 Household appliances - clothes dryers, curling irons, hair
dryers, refrigerators, freezers, boilers
 Chimneys that concentrate creosote
 Electrical wiring in poor condition
 Leaking/ defective batteries
 Personal ignition sources - matches, lighters
 Electronic and electrical equipment
 Exterior cooking equipment - barbecue
 Cooling-temperature reduction

 Smothering-oxygen dilution

 Fuel Removal

 Inhibition-breaking the chemical reaction

REDUCTION OF HEAT

1. Use something that absorb heat

2. Use water being the best cooling agent
3. Use foam which contains 94% water
. EXCLUSION OR DEPRIVATION OF OXYGEN
 Secure the door at close position
 Displacement or diluting oxygen by means of CO2
 Blanketing- using wet blanket as foam
REMOVAL OF FUEL
 Shut off fuel supply
 Relocate flammable/ combustible materials
INHIBITION OF CHAIN REACTION or breaking
the combustion Chain
Ordinary combustibles or
fibrous material, such as
wood, paper, cloth,
rubber and some plastics.
Flammable or
combustible liquids such
as gasoline, kerosene,
paint, paint thinners and
propane.

Energized electrical
equipment, such as
appliances, switches,
panel boxes and power
tools.
Certain combustible metals,
such as magnesium, titanium,
potassium and sodium. They
may react violently with water
or other chemicals, and must
be handled with care.

Fires involving
combustible cooking
fluids such as oils and
fats.
Fire Extinguisher
is a handy, first aid fire fighting
-

equipment
 PRESSURE GAUGE
DISCHARGE LEVER (not found on CO2
extinguishers)

DISCHARGE LOCKING PIN CARRYING

AND SEAL HANDLE

DISCHARGE HOSE

DATA PLATE

DISCHARGE NOZZLE BODY

DISCHARGE ORIFICE
 P – Pull the pin

 A – Aim the nozzle

 S – Squeeze the lever

 S – Sweep side to side at the base of the fire

 The fire code (also fire prevention code or fire safety
code) is a model code adopted by the state or local
jurisdiction and enforced by fire prevention officers within
municipal fire departments.

 It is a set of rules prescribing minimum requirements to

prevent fire and explosion hazards arising from storage,
handling, or use of dangerous materials, or from other
specific hazardous conditions.
 Fireworks, explosives, mortars and cannons, model rockets (licenses
for manufacture, storage, transportation, sale, use)

 Certification for servicing, placement, and inspecting fire

extinguishing equipment

 General storage and handling of flammable liquids, solids, gases

(tanks, personnel training, markings, equipment)

 Limitations on locations and quantities of flammables (e.g., 10 liters of

gasoline inside a residential dwelling)
 Specific uses and specific flammables (e.g., dry cleaning, gasoline
distribution, explosive dusts, pesticides, space heaters, plastics
manufacturing)

 Permits and limitations in various building occupancies (assembly

hall, hospital, school, theater, elderly care, child care, prs) that require
a smoke detector, sprinkler system, fire extinguisher, or other
specific equipment or procedures

 Removal of interior and exterior obstructions to emergency exits or

firefighters and removal of hazardous materials
 Permits and limitations in special outdoor applications (tents, asphalt
kettles, bonfires, etc.)

 Other hazards (flammable decorations, welding, smoking, bulk

matches, tire yards)

 Electrical safety codes such as the National Electrical Code (by

the National Fire Protection Association) for the U.S. and some other
places in the Americas

 Fuel gas code

 Car fire
1. Identify and report fire hazards and unsafe work practices.

2. Unplug all electrical equipment when not in operation, unless necessary.

3. Maintain proper housekeeping

4. Familiarize and keep emergency exits marked, lighted and free from any
obstruction.
 5. Familiarize location of fire alarm, fire extinguishers and other fire fighting
equipment.

 6. Enforce “No Smoking” policy

 7. Avoid overloading of electrical circuits by plugging many appliances

 8. Do not store large volume of combustible liquids without proper

clearance/permit and fire protection

 9. Ensure complete attendance of ALL fire brigade members during Fire Safety
Seminars and Drills.

 10. Regular conduct emergency drills