CAR SAFETY DEVICE

AIR BAGS

SYNDICATE :-
MANAS RANJAN DAS, EAP-3, 181859-T
ANAND SHARMA,EAP-3,181872-Y
GUIDE :- P RAGHUPATI, CHEAP

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 CONTENTS
• Introduction
• History
• Raw material
• How it works
• How Air Bag actually protect
• Air Bags safety concerns
• The future of Air Bags
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 INTRODUCTION
 AN AIR BAG IS AN INFLATABLE
RESTRAINT SYSTEM.
 DESIGNED TO PROTECT
AUTOMOBILE OCCUPANTS
FROM SERIOUS INJURY IN THE
CASE OF A FRONTAL AND NEAR-
- FRONTAL COLLISION.
 AIR BAGS INFLATE INSTANTLY TO
CUSHION THE EXPOSED OCCUPANT
WITH A BIG GAS-FILLED PILLOW.
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 HISTORY OF AIR BAGS

 IN 1941 - TRACES ITS ORIGIN

 IN 1950 - FIRST PATENTED
 IN AUGUST 18, 1953 - FIRST PATENTS FOR
AUTOMOBILE AIR BAG BY INDUSTRIAL
ENGINEER JOHN HETRICK.
 IN 1968, JOHN PIETZ, A CHEMIST INVENTED
THE FIRST NITROGEN-GENERATING SOLID
PROPELLANT AIR BAG.
 IN MID-1970 - THE DEVICE WAS BRIEFLY
AVAILABLE.

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 IN 1971 - FORD BUILT AN AIRBAGS WITH
EXPERIMENTAL BASIS.
 IN 1973 - GENERAL MOTORS FOLLOWED
WITH EXPERIMENTAL.
 IN THE 1973-76 AIRBAGS WERE FIRST
IMPLEMENTED BY GM AND FORD IN
APPROXIMATELY 12,000 AUTOMOBILES TO
REPLACE SEAT BELTS.
 IN 1998 DRIVER AND PASSENGER AIR BAGS
IN ALL CARS AND IN LIGHT TRUCKS AND
VANS BY 1999.

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 RAW MATERIALS
 AN AIR BAG SYSTEM CONSISTS :- BAG MODULE,
CRASH SENSORS, DIAGNOSTIC MONITORING UNIT,
A STEERING WHEEL CONNECTING COIL, AND AN
INDICATOR LAMP.

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 RAW MATERIALS
 BAG MODULE HAS THREE MAIN PARTS:- THE
AIR BAG, INFLATOR, AND PROPELLANT.

 AIR BAG - A THIN, NYLON FABRIC.

 THE INFLATOR CANISTER- STAINLESS STEEL

OR CAST ALUMINUM.

 THE PROPELLANT- SODIUM AZIDE

COMBINED WITH AN OXIDIZER.

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 HOW IT WORKS
FOLDED INTO THE STEERING WHEEL OR
DASHBOARD OR INSIDE THE DOOR.

cntd.
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 HOW IT WORKS
 THERE IS A COLLISION FORCE EQUAL TO
RUNNING INTO A BRICK WALL AT 16 TO 24
KM PER HOUR.
 A MECHANICAL SWITCH IS FLIPPED WHEN
THERE IS A MASS SHIFT THAT CLOSES AN
ELECTRICAL CONTACT, TELLING THE
SENSORS THAT A CRASH HAS OCCURRED.
 THE SENSORS RECEIVE INFORMATION FROM
AN ACCELEROMETER BUILT INTO A
MICROCHIP.
 THE SENSOR TELLS THE BAG TO INFLATE.
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 INFLATION
 INFLATION SYSTEM REACTS SODIUM AZIDE
(NAN3) WITH POTASSIUM NITRATE (KNO3) TO
PRODUCE NITROGEN GAS.
 HOT BLASTS OF THE NITROGEN INFLATE THE
AIRBAG AT A VELOCITY OF 200 MPH (322 KPH).

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 PROPELLANT
 SOLID PROPELLANT, WHICH BURNS VERY
RAPIDLY TO CREATE A LARGE VOLUME OF
GAS TO INFLATE THE BAG.

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 DEFLATION
 AFTER A SECOND, THE GAS QUICKLY
DISSIPATES THROUGH TINY HOLES IN THE
BAG, THUS DEFLATING THE BAG TO GET
OUT THE PASSENGERS WAY.

 THE WHOLE PROCESS HAPPENS IN ONLY

ONE-TWENTY-FIFTH OF A SECOND.

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 HOW IT PROTECT
 BY INCREASING THE TIME INTERVAL OVER
WHICH THE FORCE IS APPLIED.
 BY SPREADING THE FORCE OVER A LARGER
AREA OF THE BODY.

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 DEACTIVATION
• IN 1997 NHTSA ISSUED RULE TO USE LOWER-
POWERED AIRBAGS.

• AIRBAGS TO BE DEACTIVATED BY ON/OFF

SWITCHES.

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 DEACTIVATION

 RECOMMEND TURNING OFF AIRBAGS

FOR RELATIVELY COMMON CONDITIONS,
AS FOLLOWS :-
EYE GLASSES
• NECK SURGERY
• ADVANCED AGE
• OSTEOPOROSIS
• ARTHRITIS
• PREGNANCY

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 SAFETY CONCERN
• AIRBAGS ARE TO BE USED IN TANDEM WITH SEAT
BELTS.
• PLACING YOURSELF 10 INCHES (25 CM) FROM
YOUR DRIVER AIRBAG GIVES YOU A CLEAR
MARGIN OF SAFETY.
• SMOKING A PIPE SHOULD BE AVOIDED WHILE
DRIVING.
• INJURIES SUCH AS HEARING DAMAGE, HEAD
INJURIES, EYE DAMAGE AND BREAKING THE
NOSE CAN OCCUR AS IT DEPLOYS.

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 SAFETY CONCERN
 FOR CHILDREN -
• SERIOUSLY INJURE OR EVEN KILL AN
UNBUCKLED CHILD WHO IS SITTING TOO CLOSE.

• ALWAYS TRANSPORT CHILDREN 12 YEARS OLD

AND UNDER IN THE BACK SEAT AND USE
APPROPRIATE AND PROPERLY INSTALLED CHILD
RESTRAINTS.

• IF A CHILD OVER ONE YEAR OLD MUST RIDE IN

THE FRONT SEAT WITH A PASSENGER-SIDE
AIRBAG.
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 LIFE SAVING GRAPH

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 HOW CAN BE SAFE WHEN DRIVING

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 FUTURE OF AIRBAGS
THE NEW WAVE OF OCCUPANT PROTECTION
IS SIDE AIR BAG.

DEPLOYING IN A MERE FIVE OR SIX

MILLISECONDS.

MECHANICAL TRIGGERING SENSOR ON THE

SIDES OF THE SEAT CUSHIONS UNDER THE
DRIVER AND FRONT PASSENGER.

SENSOR TAKES A COLLISION OF ABOUT 12

MPH (19 KPH) TO TRIGGER SIDE AIRBAGS.

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DOOR-MOUNTED AIRBAGS ALLOWING A
BIGGER BAG THAT PROVIDES MORE COVERAGE
DURING SIDE IMPACT.

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THE HEAD AIR BAG : STAY INFLATED FOR
ABOUT FIVE SECONDS TO OFFER PROTECTION
AGAINST SECOND OR THIRD IMPACTS.

SMART AIR BAG : DEPLOY WITH DIFFERENT

SPEEDS AND PRESSURES, DEPENDING ON THE
WEIGHT AND SEATING POSITION OF THE
OCCUPANT, AND ALSO ON THE INTENSITY OF
THE CRASH.

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A HYBRID INFLATOR : COMBINATION OF
PRESSURIZED INERT GAS (ARGON) AND HEAT
FROM A PROPELLANT TO SIGNIFICANTLY
EXPAND THE GAS'S VOLUME.

WHERE TO LERN MORE :

CHAIKIN, DON. “HOW IT WORKS—AIRBAGS”
WWW. HOW STUFF WORKS.COM

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