Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ENGINEERING
Disaster Management
Topic
-Case study on international major earthquake.
TECTONIC
DAMAGE/ LOSS
DAMAGE/LOSS DEFORMATION
FOUNDATION
DAMAGE/ LOSS
EARTHQUAKE FAILURE
SITE
DAMAGE/ LOSS
AMPLIFICATION
GROUND
LIQUEFACTION DAMAGE/ LOSS
SHAKING
INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO
HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING
SOIL AMPLIFICATION
PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT
(SURFACE FAULTING & GROUND
FAILURE)
IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION
EARTHQUAKES AND PLAN
INATTENTION TO NON-
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
INITIAL REPORTS:
AT LEAST 480 PEOPLE IN 4
COUNTRIES (NEPAL, INDIA,
TIBET, BANGLADESH)
KILLED; MANY INJURED;
POSSIBLY MANY TRAPPED
UNDER RUBBLE
DAMAGE
SEARCH AND RESCUE
A COMPARISON WITH OTHER
DEVASTATING
EARTHQUAKES
(in terms of casualties)
DECEMBNER 1920 HAIYUAN,
CHINA EARTHQUAKE
• DEATH TOLL ESTIMATED AT
273,400.
SEPTEMBER 1923 GREAT KANTO
EARTHQUAKE: JAPAN
• DEATH TOLL ESTIMATED AT
142,000.
JULY 1976 TANGSHAN, CHINA
EARTHQUAKE
• DEATH TOLL ESTIMATED AT
242,000 TO 655,000.
EXAMPLE: 240,000 DEAD AFTER
“BULLS-EYE” EARTHQUAKE
• TANGSHAN, CHINA
(1976) EARTHQUAKE:
The impossible situation;
too late for a race
against time” to save
lives and protect
property.
EL ASNAM, ALGERIA; 3,500
DEAD (OCT. 10, 1980)
EXAMPLE: COLLAPSE OF HIGH-RISE
APARTMENT BUILDINGS
• TURKEY (1999)
KOCALEI EARTH-
QUAKE):
• Timely responses
during a forty-eight
hour “race against
time” to save lives
and protect property
EXAMPLE: GUJARAT, INDIA
20,800 DEAD (JAN 26, 2001)
BOUMERDES, ALGERIA; 2,226
DEAD (MAY 21, 2003)
DECEMBER 2004 EARTH-
QUAKE/TSUNAMI: INDONESIA
• DEATH TOLL ESTIMATED AT
280,000.
EXAMPLE: 230,000 DEAD AFTER
EARTHQUAKE/TSUNAMI
• INDONESIA (2004):
The impossible
situation; too late
for a race against
time” to save lives
and protect
property.
MAY 2008 EARTHQUAKE:
SICHUAN PROVINCE, CHINA
• DEATH TOLL ESTIMATED AT
88,000.
EXAMPLE: 88,000 DEAD AS RESULT OF
NON-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS
• HAITI (2010):
Timely temporary
housing during a
thirty day “race
against time” to
save lives and
protect property
EXAMPLE: SURPRISE! DEBRIS FROM
JAPAN’S TSUNAMI NOW IN USA
• SENDAI, JAPAN
AFTER THE MARCH
2011 EARTHQUAKE
AND TSUNAMI: What
will happen to the
radioactive debris?