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ELEMENTARY AND HIGHER SURVEYING

 SURVEYING
Is the art and science of
measuring distances, angles
and positions of points, lines,
areas on or near the surface
of the earth or other extra-
terrestrial bodies through
applied mathematics with the
use of specialized equipment
and techniques.
FAMOUS SURVEYORS
 FAMOUS SURVEYORS

- The highest mountain in the world is named

for a surveyor, Colonel Sir George Everest. His
triangulation network that was used to locate the
summit by Andrew Waugh.
 TWO GENERAL CLASSIFICATIONS
• PLANE SURVEYING • GEODETIC SURVEYING
- type of surveying in which the - are surveys of wide extent which
earth is considered to be a flat take into account the spheroidal shape
surface, and distances and areas of the earth.
involved are of limited extent that
the exact shape of the earth is
disregarded.
 TYPES OF SURVEYS
• LAND SURVEYS
- Oldest type of surveys. They are
normally plane surveys made for locating
property lines, subdividing land into
smaller parts and determining land area.
Also called property surveys, boundary
surveys, or “cadastral” surveys.
• CITY SURVEYS
- Also called municipal surveys and made
for the purpose of laying out streets,
planning sewer systems, preparing maps
and so on.
 TYPES OF SURVEYS
• CONSTRUCTION SURVEYS • FORESTRY AND
- These surveys are needed for GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS
every type of construction. They are - Used for boundary locations, timber
made for locating structures and cruising and for the preparation of
geological maps.
providing required elevation points
during a construction.
 TYPES OF SURVEYS
• HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYS • INDUSTRIAL SURVEYS
- Surveys done in bodies of water. - Surveys used in ship building, aircrafts
Shorelines are charted, shapes of areas and machineries.
beneath the water surfaces and other
information are determined.
 TYPES OF SURVEYS
• MINE SURVEYS
- These are made to obtain the relative
positions and elevations of underground
shafts, geological formations and so on.
• PHOTOGRAMMETRIC
SURVEYS (AERIAL SURVEYS)
- Surveys that use aerial photographs.
They are valuable because of the speed
with which it can be applied, the
economy, the applications to areas
difficult to access and the great detail
provided.
 TYPES OF SURVEYS
• TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYS
- Are used for locating objects and
measuring the relief, roughness or 3D
variations of the earth’s surface. Used in
creating topographic maps.
• ROUTE SURVEYS
- Used in the determination of the
location of the natural and artificial
objects along a proposed route for a
highway, railroad, canal, pipeline and etc.