• In biology,

a population is all
the organisms of the
same group or species,
which live in a
particular geographical
area, and have the
capability of
interbreeding.

•In general, a term for

the number of people
living in an area at a
particular time.
1.Regular or uniform distribution
•Each data point is spaced within relatively equal distance.
•The organisms are evenly distributed over an area
2. Random distribution
•No direct correlation between data points.
•Also known as unpredictable spacing, there is no specific order in
random distribution , the organism is spread through out the area
without an over-all pattern: they neither attract nor repel one another.
3. Clustered or Clumped distribution
• Data points are clearly related to each other , but may not be exactly
evenly spaced
•In clumped distribution, the distance between neighboring individuals is
minimized.
•The organism are concentrated in an area,It may offer protection from
enemies.
 - the ratio of the number of births to the size of the population
The crude birth rate is the number of live births occurring among the population of a
given geographical area during a given year, per 1,000 mid-year total population of the
given geographical area during the same year.
 Natality rate is considered to be “the proportional number of births that
occur in a population, and a certain period of time. From the perspective
of demographics, the birth rate is a measure to quantify the levels of
fertility”..
NATALITY RATE IN THE PHLIPPINES

•Currently, the country meter •In 2011, the National

Stated : Statistics Office of the
Birth this year : 210,211 and Philippines reported that 199
counting babies were being born every
Born today ( January 31,2018 hour, or 4,775 per day.
at 2:08 pm): 4,450 and
counting

Source : United Nations

. Department of Economic and
Social Affairs: Population
Division
Causes of natality:
Causes of low natality rate:
1. Socioeconomical cause: the high cost of houses stops the union of young
couples and, as a consequence, they don’t have children very early.
2. Religion cause: the descendant of the religious practice in the development
societies.
Causes of high natality rate:
3.Lack of education: especially on reproduction and sex among the married
couples or people rise to fatalistic beliefs such as children are the gift of gods.
4.Economic aspects: especially poor farmers regard their children as a source of
future income because they could help in the field. Children are not considered
an obstacle because they help in the economy activity of the family
5.Demographic cause: as the mortality is less, women that can have children
live more years and can have more children.
Types of natality
Animal natality
In order to calculate the animal natality, we use a
specific birth rate; the age, because animals are
represented as an age-specific schedule of births.

Plant natality:
•Seed production of a plant vary year to year
•The seeds will become dormant for long periods of
time before germinating. The germination of the seeds
by the plant, could be longer for accurate measurement.

Natality in humans
Birth rates are used to make government policies
depending how the population grows that is a great
factor to establish the age-specific schedules..
Mortality data indicate numbers of deaths by place, time and cause.
Mortality rate is “a measure of the number of deaths in a population per 1000
inhabitants/individuals during a determinate period of time, normally a year”. This
could be calculate in that way:
M= D/P * 1000
•The Crude Death Rate measures the rate of
M: Mortality
deaths for every one thousand people in a
D: Deaths
given population, such as a country.
P: Population
 •Currently, the country meter
Stated :
Death this year : 58 769 and
counting
Death today ( January 31,2018
at 2:44 pm): 1,181 and
counting
Causes of mortality
According to the World Health Organization the 10 famous causes of death in 2002 were:

1.) 12.6% Ischaemic heart disease or coronary heart disease

2.) 9.7% cerebrovascular disease
3.) 6.8% Lower respiratory infections
4. ) 9% HIV/AIDS
5.) 4.8% chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
6.) 3.2% diarrhoeal diseases
7.) 2.7% Tuberculosis
8. ) 2.2% Trachea/bronchus/lung cancers
9.) 2.2% Malaria
10.) 2.1% Road traffic accidents
Types of Mortality
1. Crude Mortality Rate
2. Age-specific Mortality Rate
3. Cause-specific Mortality Rate
4. Proportionate Mortality
5. Case-fatality rate
6. Excess Mortality
7. Neonatal Mortality Ratio
8. Infant Mortality Ratio
9. Under 5 Mortality Ratio
10. Maternal Mortality Ratio
Sex ratio
The sex ratio is the ratio of males to females in a population. In most
sexually reproducing species, the ratio tends to be 1:1.
Age distribution
Age distribution, also called Age Composition, in population studies, the proportionate
numbers of persons in successive age categories in a given population
PHILIPPINES DEMOGRAPHY
Age structure: 0-14 years: 33.71% (male 17,652,419 / female 16,943,261)
15-24 years: 19.17% (male 10,042,520 / female 9,629,762)
25-54 years: 36.86% (male 19,204,977 / female 18,618,333)
55-64 years: 5.89% (male 2,758,867 / female 3,282,41a6)
65 years and over: 4.38% (male 1,863,339 / female 2,628,315) (2016 est.)
Philippines Population clock Current male
31-01-2018 16:32:15 52,591,906
population (50.1%)
104,872,746 Current population
Current female
52,280,835
population (49.9 %)
•Groups of individuals belonging to the same species that live in the
same region at the same time.
• Population density is a measure of the number of organisms that
make up a population in a defined area.
•The number of individuals per unit area or volume.
Introducing the world's 5 most densely populated countries

1. Monaco
Population density: 25,718.1 people per
sq. km
The principality covers just 0.78 square
miles and boasts a population of some
37,000, which explains its superlative
density.
2. Macao 3. Singapore
Population density: 22,477.6 people Population density: 8,226.7 people per
per sq km sq km

4. Hong Kong 5. Gibraltar

Population density: 6,654.7 people per Population density: 4,892.3 people per
sq km sq km
 Based on the 2015 Census of Population
•Philippine population density
increases from 308 to 337 persons
per square kilometer
-NCR is the most densely populated
region
with a population density of 20,785
persons per square kilometer.

-CAR the most sparsely populated

with 87 persons per square kilometer.

Among provinces, Rizal is most densely

populated;
2,439 residents per square kilometer of land
Apayao the most sparse
1,098 persons per square kilometer.
The change in population over time can PHILIPPINE GROWTH RATE
be quantified as the change of number
Population growth
of individuals in population as “per unit 139,232
this year
of time” . The term Population Growth
Population growth
can technically refers to any species, 3,136 today (1/31/2018)
but almost refers to humans and it is 4:36PM
often informally, far the more specific
demographic term Population Growth
Rate.
TWO CLASSIFICATION OF POPULATION GROWTH RATE
POSITIVE GROWTH RATE NEGATIVE GROWTH RATE

-The population is increasing -The population decline

GROWTH RATE OF ZERO

-The population size is not changing

Factors affecting population growth
•Fertility Rate
Fertility rate of a population is the average number of children born to a woman in
her life time. If fertility is high, population will increase.
•Birth Rate
Increase in population is directly related to birth rate of the country.

Factors affecting birth rate of a country

a) Existing age-sex structure
b) Availability and awareness among people about family planning.
c) Religious beliefs
d) Female employment .
e) Economic prosperity.
f) Poverty Levels
g) Typical age of marriage
h)infant mortality rate

•Net Migration
Migration is the movement of people in to and out of
the country. Net migration is the difference between
the immigration(people moving in to the country)
and emigration (people moving out of the country). A
positive net immigration will increase the population,
while the opposite decreases the population.
•Death Rate

Factors affecting death rate of a country

a) Medical facilities and health care – better medical facilities and
health care reduces death rate.
b) Nutrition levels
c) Living standard
d) Access to clean drinking water
e) Hygiene levels
f) Levels of infectious diseases
g) Social factors such as conflicts and levels of violent crime

Why do some countries have higher population growth than

others?
-Some countries discourage child birth
- CHINA AND MALDIVES
A Growth Curve is an empirical model of the evolution of a quantity over time.
Growth curves are widely used in biology for quantities such as population size
or biomass (in population ecology and demography, for population growth analysis),
individual body height or biomass (in physiology, for growth analysis of individuals).
The phases that make up a
sigmoid growth curve are as
follows:
Lag phase: Population growth begins
slowly from a few individuals.
Log phase: Exponential growth
occurs, the conditions are ideal and
maximum growth rate is reached.
S-phase: Growth rate begins to slow
down as factors such as food, water
and space become limiting.
Stable phase: Carrying capacity for
the population has been reached and
the population number becomes
stable. The carrying capacity is the
population size that can be supported
by a particular environment.
Decline phase: If there is a sudden
change in the environment meaning
that the environment can no longer
support the population, such as a
drought causing food shortage, the
population will crash and the whole
process begins again.
Carrying capacity
The carrying capacity of a biological species in an environment is the
maximum population size of the species that the environment can
sustain indefinitely, given the food, habitat, water, and other necessities
available in the environment. In population biology, carrying capacity is
defined as the environment's maximal load,which is different from
the conceptof population equilibrium. Its effect on population
dynamics may be approximated in a logistic model, although this
simplification ignores the possibility of overshoot which real systems
may exhibit.
In demographics, the World population is the total number of humans currently
living. The world population was estimated to have reached 7.6 billion as of
December 2017 . The United Nations estimates it will further increase to 11.8
billion by the year 2100.

Earth's capacity
Many scientists think
Earth has a maximum
carrying capacity of 9
billion to 10 billion people.