IMPORTANCE

How Large was the Treatment Effect

What is the Measure
• Hazard Ratio: measure of the relative probability of an event in two groups over
time.
• Control Event Rate: a measure of how often a particular statistical event occurs
within the control group
• Experimental Event Rate: a measure of how often a particular statistical
event occurs within the experimental group
• Relative Risk Reduction: he relative decrease in the risk of an adverse event in the
exposed group compared to an unexposed group.
• Absolute Risk Reduction: absolute difference in outcome rates between the
control and treatment groups
• Number Needed to Treat: the number of patients you need to treat to prevent
one additional bad outcome
How Large was the Treatment Effect
Undernourished
New Infection
Hazard Ratio: 0.39
Control Event Rate: 0.22
Experimental Event Rate: 0.11
Absolute Risk Reduction: 0.11
Relative Risk Reduction: 50
Number Needed to Treat: 9.09 (9)
Late PN decreases the risk of new
infection
Absolute benefit of Late PN is a 11%
reduction in the new infection rate
Late PN reduced the risk of new
infection by 50% relative to Early PN
Need to treat 9 people for 1 week in
order to prevent death
How Large was the Treatment Effect
Undernourished
Duration of PICU stay median
(IQR)
Early PN: 6 days (3-11) Late PN is associated with shortened
Late PN: 4 days (2-8) duration of PICU stay, with a higher
Odds Ratio (95% CI): 1.37 (1.06- likelihood of an earlier live discharge
1.75) In UNDERNOURISHED Children
P Value: .01
How Large was the Treatment Effect
Severely Undernourished
Duration of PICU stay median (IQR)
Early PN: 5 days (3-8)
Late PN: 4 days (2-6)
Odds Ratio (95% CI): 1.49 (1.04-2.13)
P Value: .05

Late PN is associated with shortened

duration of PICU stay, with a higher
likelihood of an earlier live discharge
In SEVERLY UNDERNOURISHED
Children
How Precise
was the
estimate of
the
treatment?

Late PN reduced the risk of new infections by an absolute 11% (p

=.02), with an adjusted odds ratio for new infections of 0.39 (95%
CI, 0.19-0.78; P: .01)