Thermogravimetry

Prepared by : Tuba Ahmed

 Introduction:
It is a method of thermal analysis in
which a physical property of
substance is measured as a function
of temperature whilst the substance
is subjected to a controlled
temperature programme
 Definition:
"It is a technique where by weight of
substance in an environment heated
or cooled at a controlled rate, is
recorded as a function of time or
temperature.”
Types of thermogravimetry:
There are three types of
Thermogravimetry:
• Isothermal / Static Thermogravimetry
• Quasistatic Thermogravimetry
• Dynamic Thermogravimetry .
 Types of thermogravimetry:
1. Isothermal/ Static Thermogravimetry: In
this technique the sample weight is
recorded as a function of time at constant
temperature.
2. Quasistatic Thermogravimetry: In this
technique the sample is heated to
constant weight at each of the series of
increasing temperature.
Types of thermogravimetry:
3. Dynamic Thermogravimetry: In this
technique a sample is heated in an
environment whose temperature is
changing in predetermine manner
generally at linear rate.
Most of the studies are generally carried
out with dynamic thermogravimetry.
Therefore it is generally referred to as
thermogravimetry
 Principles of
thermogravimetry
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)
measures the mass of a sample as
it is heated,cooled or held at a
constant temperature in a defined
atmosphere.
 Principles of
thermogravimetry:
• Changes in temperature affect the
sample. Not all thermal changes bring a
change in mass of sample i.e. melting,
crystallization but some thermal events
i.e. desorption, absorption, sublimation,
vaporization, oxidation, reduction and
decomposition bring a drastic change in
mass of sample.
 Principles of
thermogravimetry:
• It is used in analysis of volatile
products, gaseous products lost
during the reaction in
thermoplastics, thermosets,
elastomers, composites, films,
fibers, coatings, paints, etc.
 Recording of result:
• The instrument used for themogravimetry is a
programmed precision balance for rise in temperature
known as Thermobalance.
• Results are displayed by a plot of mass change versus
temperature or time and are known as Thermogravimetric
curves or TG curves.
• TG curves are normally plotted with the mass change
(Dm) in percentage on the y-axis and temperature (T) or
time (t) on the x-axis.

Characteristics of a
single-stage mass-loss
curve
• There are two temperatures in the
reaction,
• Ti (procedural decomposition temp.)
representing the lowest temperature at
which the onset of a mass change is seen
• Tf (final temp.) representing the lowest
temperature at which the process has
been completed respectively.
• The reaction temperature and interval (Tf-
Ti) depend on the experimental condition;
therefore, they do not have any fixed
value.