DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL

UNIVERSITY
PRESENTATION ON -

1) ENGINEERING ETHICS

2) SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES

3) SUSTAINABLE DESIGN SUBMITTED BY –

4) ENVIRONMENTAL ANISH GOYAL – 2K18/ME/031

SUBMITTED TO – ANJANI KUMAR JHA – 2K18/ME/032
DESIGN
SHRI M S NIRANJAN ANKIT SAURABH – 2K18/ME/033
ANKUR SRIVASTAVA – 2K18/ME/034
ANSH JAIN – 2K18/ME/035
 Ethics in engineering
What is Meant by it?

System of moral principles

 Principles of right and wrong
Principles of conduct governing behavior of an
individual or a group
A person’s behavior is always ethical when one:

A. Does what is best for oneself

B. Has good intentions, no matter how things turn out
C. Does what is best for everyone
D. Does what is legal
How Ethics Fits into Engineering

Engineers . . .

 Build products such as cell phones, home appliances,

heart valves, bridges, & cars. In general they advance
society by building new technology.

 Develop processes, such as the process to convert salt

water into fresh water or the process to recycle bottles.
These processes change how we live and what we can
accomplish.
 Decisions made by engineers usually have serious consequences to people
-- often to multitudes of people.

 Ethics and ethical reasoning guide decision-making.

 Consider the March 11, 2011 8.9 magnitude earthquake near Sendai,
Japan.
The damage to the Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant
(Fukushima Dai-ichi)
has led people worldwide to rethink the ethics of nuclear power.
Reasonings

 The kind of reasoning that goes on in such discussions involves certain goals
 such as, in this case, health, safety and biodiversity.

 The reasoning then focuses on finding the best – or at least the reasonably
better means for obtaining those goals.
 Ethical reasoning is a type of practical reasoning that concerns certain
societal or life-form goals, such as justice, equality, freedom, health and
safety.
Typical Ethical Issues that Engineers
Encounter
 Safety
 Acceptable risk
 Compliance
 Confidentiality
 Environmental health
 Data integrity
 Conflict of interest
 Honesty/Dishonesty
 Societal impact
 Fairness
 Accounting for uncertainty, etc.
NSPE Fundamental Canons of Ethics

Engineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall:

 Hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public.
 Perform services only in areas of their competence.
 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner.
 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees.
 Avoid deceptive acts.
 Conduct themselves honorably, responsibly, ethically, and lawfully, so as to
enhance the honor, reputation, and usefulness of the profession.
Engineers and social responsibility-
What does it mean?
 It means a commitment from the engineering profession, and, by
proxy, the individual engineers who belong to the profession, to
place the public safety and interest ahead of all other
considerations and obligations.
 It means that engineers take into account and show due regard for
the consequences of their conduct for the well-being of others as
well as for the impact of their work on society and the citizenry
 This requires the engineer to make determined efforts to discover all
of the relevant facts concerning the design, development, and
deployment and all of the possible outcomes of the choices
available that may positively and negatively affect/impact society
and the citizenry
Social Responsibilities of Engineers
(Some Examples)
 Ensure the safety and well-being of the public
 Ensure that society’s funds and resources concerning technology are well
used
 Refusing to work on a particular project or for a particular company
 Speaking out publicly against a proposed project
 Blowing the whistle on illegality or wrong-doing
 Professional Societies’ obligation to provide protection for whistleblowers
 Commitment of engineering professions and organizations to principles of
social responsibility
 Commitment of risk assessment experts to ethical risk/safety assessments
 Actively promote the ethical development and use of technology
 Voluntarily assume the task of educating the public about important
consequences of various technological and scientific developments
 Commitment of engineers to design and develop sustainable technologies
Social responsibility of Engineering profession is commitment to place public safety and
interest ahead of all considerations. It means that engineer takes into account and show due
regard for the consequences of their conduct for wellbeing of others as well as the impact of
their work on society. This requires the engineer to make determined efforts to discover all
the relevant facts concerning the design, development, deployment and all possible
outcomes that may affect society posiitively or negatively.
“Engineering is a great profession. There is a fascination of watching a figment
of the imagination emerge, through the aid of science, to a plan on paper.
Then it moves to realization in stone or metal or energy. Then it brings jobs
home to men. Then it elevates the standards of living and adds to the comfort
of life. That is the engineer's high privilege….To the engineer falls the job of
clothing the bare bones of science with life, comfort, and hope…”
--Herbert Hoover
 SUSTAINABLE DESIGN

• WHAT DOES IT MEAN ?

In engineering design terminology, sustainable design, also called eco-design, seeks to reduce
negative impacts –

1) On the environment
2) The health and comfort of building occupants,
thereby improving building performance.

The basic objectives of sustainability are to –

1) Reduce consumption of non-renewable resources

2) Minimize waste and,
3) Create healthy and productive environments
• WHY DO WE NEED A SUSTAINABLE DESIGN ?
The answer to finding a new solution always lies in the fundamental nature of the problem.
Thus, the need for sustainable design simply comes from negative effects of unsustainable or
traditional design process. They include 3 major negative effects -

WASTE DISPOSAL CLIMATE CHANGE LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY

1) There is no completely safe method of

1) The most obvious and overshadowing driver of 1) Improper design of transport
waste disposal.
environmentally conscious sustainable design highways force thousands of animals
2) Landfills have contaminated drinking
can be attributed to global warming and to move further into forest boundaries.
water. Garbage burned in incinerators has
climate change. 2) Poorly designed hydrothermal
poisoned air, soil, and water.
2) Most products, industries and buildings still dams affect the mating cycle and
3) The majority of water treatment systems
consume a lot of energy and create a lot of indirectly, the numbers of local fish.
change the local ecology.
pollution.
 Minimize non-
Optimize site potential
renewable energy
consumption

Use environmentally Sustainable design Enhance indoor

preferable products principles environmental quality

Protect and Optimize operational

conserve water and maintenance
practices
 SUSTAINABLE DESIGN PRINCIPLES IN DEPTH
Design impact measures: for
Low-impact materials: choose non- total carbon footprint and life-
toxic, sustainably produced or cycle assessment for any resource
recycled materials which require used are increasingly required.
little energy to process.

Energy efficiency: use

manufacturing processes
and produce products
which require less energy
Design for reuse and recycling: Material diversity: in
Products, processes, and systems multicomponent products
should be designed for should be minimized to
performance in a commercial promote disassembly and
'afterlife'. value retention.

Service substitution: shifting the Renewable resource: materials

mode of consumption from should come from nearby,
personal ownership of products to sustainably managed renewable
provision of services which provide sources that can
similar functions. be composted when their use is
done.
 EXAMPLES OF SUSTAINABLE DESIGN

One Central Park, Sydney

Central Park topped the list of the Best

tall building, beating 87 other entries
from around the world.
The surface of the building is covered
with more than 3,500 square feet of
vertical gardens, which house 383
different species of plants.
The 623-apartment building also
contains a tri-generation plant, which will
save the equivalent around 140,000
metric tons of greenhouse gas emission
over the next 25 years.
Design for Environment (DFE)

Design for Environment (DFE) is a method

to minimize or eliminate environmental
impacts of a product over its life cycle.

Effective DFE practice maintains or

improves product quality and cost while
reducing environmental impacts.

DFE expands the traditional manufacturer’s focus on the production and

distribution of its products to a closed-loop life cycle.
Product Life Cycle DFE Process
Product
Planning 1. Set DFE Agenda

Materials Productio 2. Identify Potential

n Environmental Impacts
Concept
Developmen 3. Select Material and
t DFE Guidelines

Dispos Distributi System-

Level 4. Apply DFE Guidelines
al on Design to Initial Designs

5. Assess Environmental
Use Impact
Detail 6. Refine Design
Design Compare to
DFE Goals N
Y
Process
Improvemen 7. Reflect on DFE Process
and Results
t
Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA)

 Quantifies environmental impact over product life cycle

 Steps in LCA analysis:
1. Prepare proposed design options
2. Identify life cycle, including recycling and disposal
3. Identify all materials and energy sources used
4. Identify outputs and waste streams
5. Quantify impacts of each material, energy, waste
6. Aggregate impact into categories for comparison
 Requires specialized LCA software and training
 Commercial LCA software growing in capability
 SimaPro, GaBi, OpenLCA, Sustainable Minds, …
 Two Life Cycles

Post-industrial
Recycling

Extraction Materials Production

Resources Post-consumer
Remanufacturing
Recycling
Natural Industrial
“Bio” “Product” Distribution
Natural
Decay
Life Cycle Recovery Life Cycle
Reuse
Disposal

Deposit Use
 DFE and Material Guidelines
Example DFE Guidelines
 Do not combine materials
incompatible in recycling
 Label all component
materials for recycling
 Enable easy disassembly
into separate material
recycling streams
 Use no surface treatments
 Eliminate packaging
 Reduce weight and size for
shipping
Example Material Guidelines
 Use recycled and
recyclable industrial
materials
 Use natural materials
which can be returned to
biological decay cycles
 Use processes which do
not release toxic materials
 Capture and reuse all
hazardous materials
 Nike Considered Design
 New products are designed
 Materials Analysis Tool
using environmentally preferred
materials.
 The materials analysis tool
evolves to reflect best practices
and Nike’s changing
environmental values.
 Nike’s goal is for all new
products to be developed
using its Considered Design
standards.
 footwear by 2011
 clothing by 2015
 equipment by 2020
 Knowledge vs. Behavior
 Unlike robots, no one can just program you to be an ethical engineer that
follows the codes.

 It is possible to know the codes of ethics for engineering (or being a

student), yet fail to follow them.

 Ethical behavior is about practice and virtue. It is about going beyond the
codes, and practicing behavior that leads to an ethical life.
 “By the time of graduation students will have an understanding of
professional and ethical responsibility” - Abet