IOT BASED AUTOMATED IRRIGATION SYSTEM

Presented by
R.TEJESWARI (17191D3820)
(M.Tech (DECS))

Under the esteemed guidance of

Dr.R.Ramana Reddy M.Tech., Ph.D,MBA
Professor & HOD

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

JNTUA College of Engineering Pulivendula
CONTENTS
 Objective
 Abstract
 Introduction
 About IOT
 Block Diagram
 Working Principle
 Results
 Conclusion
 Future scope
 References
 OBJECTIVE

 The main objective of this project is to send the information about field status
such as the moisture, temperature, motor running status, water level and
intruder presence to the farmer as messages using different sensors,
microcontroller and a GPRS protocol.
 ABSTRACT
 As India is the second largest country in the world with the increasing population
day by day, to meet the food requirements of the growing population there is need to
improve agricultural production.

 Present days everyone wants to monitor and control their work from anywhere by
using their digital devices like smart phones and laptops. Monitoring the devices or
appliances from a distant place became a reality with Internet of Things.

 Automated irrigation system is one of the most advantageous applications of the IOT
technology. The soil condition parameters such as moisture, humidity and
temperature are important for getting high yields from the field while farming.
 The proposed system measures these parameters using different sensors and
regulates the supply of water by controlling the motor based on the requirements of
the field and crop.

 The soil parameters values, motor status, water levels in the source and power
condition in the field will be intimated to the user in the form of messages to the
registered mobile and the data can also be viewed in the website using a url
provided through IOT platform.

 The proposed system reduces the human intervention and water wastage.
 INTRODUCTION

 India’s population reached beyond 1.3 billion and the population rate is increasing
day by day, then after 25-30 years there will be serious problem of food, so it is
necessary to increase the production of agriculture to meet the food requirements of
the rising population in the country.

 Agriculture is the fundamental source for producing food in our country. The
regular farming methods of farmers in the country are having some of the problems
such as:
1. Regular monitoring of field is needed for watering the crops with sufficient
quantity of water.
2. Required proper guarding of the field to avoid the entrance of intruders such
as animals, birds or humans.
3. There is also a need of the continuous observation on power condition,
motor status and water level in the well.
 Hence, the designed automated irrigation system with the help of IoT
technology is used to solve the above problems. An embedded system is the
basic technology that incorporates in the IoT.
INTERNET OF THINGS

 The Internet Of Things(IoT) is defined as a process in which objects are

equipped with sensors, actuators, and processors that involve hardware board
design and development, software systems, web APIs, and protocols, which
together create a connected environment of embedded systems.

or

 IoT is defined as ‘Objects in a network which collects and exchanges the data
through the internet’. These objects can be anything like industrial plants,
machines, large buildings, cars, planes, any kind of goods; animals, plants &
human beings or particular parts of them.
 The devices can interact, integrate and share the data among them. Main aim
of the IoT is to reduce the human intervention in the machine cycle.

 Different daily life devices are connected to internet such as smart watches,
smart phones, vehicles, home appliances, personal computers etc., thus, smart
cars, smart homes, smart cities, everything around us can be turned into a
smart device with the help of Internet of Things.

 The various sensors like light sensor, temperature sensor, touch sensor, smoke
sensor, sound sensor, proximity sensor, moisture sensor etc., plays a crucial
role in connection and performance of the system since they are things that
gives the data to the controller to perform particular action accordingly.
 Thus sensors, actuators and tags are the most primary things that are enabled in
IoT. The parameters sensed by the sensors are fed to the controllers and the
immediate response takes place through the gateway.

 Hence IoT is an advanced and advantageous technology it is growing

enormously all over the world and also took a place in growth of economy
along with it’s rising demand from every sector and automative in the industry,
and thus it is also used in agriculture to reduce man power, saving time and to
achieve high yields from the field.
Applications of IoT

Figure 1: Applications of IoT

 IoT applications are expected to equip billions of everyday objects with
connectivity and intelligence. It is already being deployed extensively, in various
domains. Some of the applications of IoT are

 Surveillance and security

 Smart homes and cities
 Telemedicine and health care
 Agriculture automation
 Industrial automation
 Disaster management
 M2M wireless sensor network
 Vehicle, asset, person & pet monitoring & controlling
 Energy consumption
 Building management
 Smart retail
IOT BASED AUTOMATED IRRIGATION SYSTEM

 The main objective of this project is to send the information about field status
such as the moisture, temperature, motor running status, water level and
intruder presence to the farmer as messages using different sensors,
microcontroller and a GPRS protocol.

 All the above parameters will be displayed in a LCD screen, designed

website and sends messages to the registered mobile number which can be
viewed from a remote place.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
POWER LCD
SUPPLY DISPLAY

MOISTURE
SENSOR DC MOTOR

HUMIDITY MICRO
SENSOR CONTROLLER
GSM
MODEM
TEMPERAT
URE
SENSOR

PIR
SENSOR MONITOR

Figure 2: Block diagram of implemented project

WORKING PRINCIPLE

 It is developed based on the IoT with embedded technology which monitors

the field with the help of sensors and automates the irrigation system and thus
made beneficial to the farmers in their agriculture.

 Here the system is supplied with the power supply section where it supplies
the power to every component according to their requirement using
regulators, filters.

 The sensors like soil moisture, humidity, PIR and temperature sense the data
from the field and feed it to the microcontroller and motor performs the
action as per the moisture data available.
The block diagram of implemented project consists of:

1. Microcontroller (Arduino UNO)

2. Power supply
3. Different type of sensors
4. DC Motor
5. LCD display
6. GSM modem
MICROCONTROLLER - ARDUINO UNO

o The microcontroller ARDUINO UNO works as per the code written to it and the
actions like the data received from the sensors that are compared with the data that
is stored in the database and thus sends the information to the website through the
GPRS protocol, message to the registered mobile number and also displays in the
LCD display. The software tool that is used to write the code in controller is IDE.

o The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328

(datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM
outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power
jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button.

oIt contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to

a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get
started. The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI
USB-to-serial driver chip.
Figure 3: Arduino UNO Board
The Uno is the latest in a series of USB ARDUINO boards, and the reference model for the
ARDUINO platform.
The specifications of Arduino are as follows:
Microcontroller ATmega328
Operating Voltage 5V
Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12V
Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V
Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
Analog Input Pins 6
DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA
Flash Memory 32 KB of which 0.5 KB used by boot loader
SRAM 2 KB
EEPROM 1 KB
Clock Speed 16 MHz
Figure 4: Pin Description of Arduino UNO Microcontroller
 POWER SUPPLY

oThe section provides the power to the complete system. It consists of diodes,
transformer, capacitor filter and regulator.

oTransformer is employed to convert the 230V AC to 9V AC. The diodes are

used to rectify the AC into DC. The functional block diagram of the power supply
is shown in next slide.

oThe rectified output is pulsating DC which is filtered by capacitor filter. A

regulator is used to provide the constant DC voltage.
Figure 5: Block Diagram of Power Supply
SENSORS
 A sensor is a transducer that converts a measurement (a quantity or
parameter) into a signal that carries information.
Or
 A Sensor is a device, module, machine or subsystem whose purpose is to
detect events or changes in its environment and send the information to other
electronics, frequently a computer processor. A sensor is always used with
other electronics.

 The sensors like soil moisture sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor
and PIR sensor are used to sense and collect the data about the environment
in the designed system.
DC MOTOR
•Motors are basically of two types namely AC motor and DC motor. DC motor
converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.

•Electric motors are used in a wide range due to its enormous specifications in our
daily life.

•Mostly all of the DC motors have same internal structure, either electronic or
electromechanical, which is meant for changing the flow of current in motor part
periodically. The first form of motors is DC motor, used at the greater extent.

•To control the speed of DC motor the supply voltage or current strength in motor’s
field windings has to be varied. DC motors are widely used in many applications with
its high efficiency and no dielectric losses.
 Figure 6: Sample of DC Motor

•A DC motor (Direct Current motor) is the most common type of motor. DC motors
normally have just two leads, one positive and one negative. If you connect these two
leads directly to a battery, the motor will rotate. If you switch the leads, the motor will
rotate in the opposite direction.
LCD DISPLAY

Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) have materials, which combine the properties of
both liquids and crystals.

Rather than having a melting point, they have a temperature range within which
the molecules are almost as mobile as they would be in a liquid, but are grouped
together in an ordered form similar to a crystal.

LCD’s are widely used in many applications such as computer monitors, LCD
televisions and instrument panels. Small LCD screens are used in watches, digital
cameras, mobile telephones and calculators.
 Usually it uses the seven segment display. Since it has many advantages like thin
and light, compact, low power consumption and hence little heat would be emitted
during operation it has been used in many applications as mentioned.

Figure 7: LCD Display

 GPRS MODEM
GeneralPacket Radio Service (GPRS) is a packet oriented mobile data standard on
the 2G and 3G cellular communication network's global system for mobile
communications (GSM).

GPRS was established by European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)

in response to the earlier CDPD and i-mode packet-switched cellular technologies.

Figure 8: GPRS Modem

•GPRS gives almost instantaneous connection set-up and continuous
connection to the Internet.

•GPRS users will be able to log on to an APN (Access Point Name) and
have access to many services or an office network (without the need to dial-
up) and remain continuously connected until they log off, only paying when
data is actually transmitted.

•A physical end-to-end connection is not required because network

resources and bandwidth are only used when data is actually transferred.
SOFTWARE (IDE)

•The IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is a special program running on

the computer that allows writing sketches for the Arduino board in a simple
language modeled after the Processing language.

• The phenomenal happens when user press the button that uploads the sketch to
the board, the code that have written is translated into the C language (which is
generally quite hard for a beginner to use), and is passed to the avr-gcc compiler, an
important piece of open source software that makes the final translation into the
language understood by the microcontroller.
 The programming cycle on Arduino is basically as follows:

•Plug the board into a USB port on a computer.

•Write a sketch that will bring the board to life.

•Upload this sketch to the board through the USB connection and wait a couple
of seconds for the board to restart. The board executes the sketch that had
written.

Arduino is an open-source prototyping platform based on easy-to-use hardware

and software. The Arduino Integrated Development Environment - or Arduino
Software (IDE) - contains a text editor for writing code, a message area, a text
console, a toolbar with buttons for common functions and a series of menus. It
connects to the Arduino and Genuino hardware to upload programs and
communicate with them.
DESIGN OF IMPLEMENTED PROJECT

Figure 9: Image of implemented project

•After system power is up the sensors placed in the field gather the
environmental features and post it to the microcontroller where it will be
compared with the threshold values of humidity, soil moisture and
temperature.

•If the values received by the microcontroller are less than the threshold
values motor gets on or otherwise it will stays off till it reaches the value
below threshold level.

•The threshold values are fixed according to the crop requirements, types of
plants, irrigation method and soil texture.

•Thus the measured sensor values are displayed in LCD and posted in the
website based on the comparison of collected and threshold values.
RESULTS
 Results of the system such as the status of power, dryness of field, motor status and
the intruders that is birds or animals that are present in the field can be viewed in both
the mobile phone and laptop with the url from wherever the user wants to monitor the
field.

 The image in the next slide shows the results displayed in the mobile phone of the
farmer from the designed system about the status of field. The message alerts are sent
to the farmer every time when the power off and power on occurs in the field and the
status of motor according to the dryness of soil is also sent to the farmer’s mobile
number.

 The message alerts are also sent even when there is any intruder’s detection such as
birds, animals or else in the field which is detected by the PIR sensor.
Figure 10: Results displayed in registered mobile
Figure 11: Results displayed in the website
 Thus by the designed project, farmer can monitor the field from anywhere by using
the URL:124.123.41.147:9999/automation.

The designed project is the combination of IoT technology as communication

protocol and embedded system to monitor and collect the environmental
parameters using sensors. Thus the main advantages of the system are listed as
follows:

 Sends field status to the farmer.

 Effective cost.
 Reduces the human intervention
 Can monitor the field from anywhere.
 Easy to install.
 High production with effective usage of water.
 The system consists of devices which can confront even in harsh environmental
conditions.
 It provides better quality of life.
 Long lasts.
CONCLUSION

 The “IOT BASED AUTOMATED IRRIGATION SYSTEM” has been

successfully designed and tested. It has been developed by integrating features of all
the hardware components used.

 The designed system presented to monitor the field from far away and inform the
farmers about the crop conditions based on their field status to obtain higher yields
by using advanced technology Internet of Things.

 Automatic Irrigation System is the best way to reduce the water wastage and human
intervention, saving time based on the sensed values of soil moisture, temperature
and humidity using sensors. The numerous advantages of these advanced
technologies are making human lives more simple and automated. The features like
accuracy, effective cost, reliability, flexibility, easy installation etc., made this
technology to use in irrigation for modeling system smarter.
FUTURE SCOPE
 This project can be extended to add up a camera to the controller such that it
captures the image of field and send it to the number provided thereby farmer
will be able to analyze the status of the field by viewing the image sent
without going to the field from anywhere.
REFERENCES

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“Design of a solar powered smart Irrigation system using WSN as an IOT
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 [8] Karan Kansara, Shreyans Shah, Vishal Zaveri, Kaushal Zani, Sandip
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 [9] Mohit Bajaj, Prakhar Srivastava, Ankur Singh Rana, “Overview of

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AUTHOR PUBLICATION
Rachamallu Tejeswari, Dr.R.Ramana Reddy, “IOT based automated
irrigation system” in the International Association of Research and
Developments in Engineering and Technology (IARDET 2019), ISBN-13:
978-1692944551.
Thank you