Prof.

(Dr) Satish Ailawadi

Spanish Language Course

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 ABECEDARIO
Letter Name Pronunciation
A far
B Bay
C Say (the)
CH chain
D they
E lay
F FA
G khe
H aache
I see
J khota
K car
LA LA
LL a-ye
M MA
Letter Name Pronunciation
N NA
Ň Canyon, onion
O low
P pay
Q cook
R terrain
RR errable
S essay
T Tailor
U moon
V way/uve
X a-kiss
Y igriega *
Z seta
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• In Spanish words having the letter y (igriega)
only the ‘i’ as in see is pronounced e.g. hoy
(meaning today)
• The letters ch, ń ll, and rr do not exist in
English alphabet.
• The letters k and w only appear in words of
foreign origin, such as: karate, waterpolo, etc.
• Some grammar books do not include the letter
rr in the ABECEDARIO.

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 VOWELS
• For proper pronunciation of Spanish words it is
important to know the sound of the vowels.
• There are only five vowels sounds in Spanish
(1) a- like the a in far, father
(2) e- like the e in let, end
(3) i- like the i in cigarette
(4) o- like the o in owl
(5) u- like the u in rude or the oo in moon
• Examples: casa, costa, el, ejemplo, mirar, idea,
sol, poco, alguna, Uruguay. 4
Symbol English equivalent Spanish example
a alms agua
e red numero
ee bee dia
o go ojo
oo book gusto
ai aisle bailar
ow cow autobus
oy boy hoy

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 The Consonants
G&C
• The consonants G and C are pronounced
differently depending on the vowel that follows
them.
G C
G + a as g in garden Gato (Cat) C + a as in car Casa (house)

G + o as g in gold Gordo (Fat) C + o as in cold Cola (tail)

G + u as g in good Gusto ( Like) C + u as in cool Cuchara (Spoon)

G + e as khe Gente (People) C + e as in cent Cerdo (Pig)

G + I as khi Ginebra (Gin) C + i as c in cigar Cigarillo (Cigarette)

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 Numbers
0 cero

1 Uno 11 Once 21 Veintiuno 31 Treinta y uno

2 Dos 12 Doce 22 Veintidos 32 Trienta y dos

3 Tres 13 Trece 23 Veintitres 33 Treinta y tres

4 Cuatro 14 Catorce 24 Veinticuatro 34 Trenta y cuatro

5 Cinco 15 Quince 25 Veinticinco 35 Treinta y cinco

6 Seis 16 Dieciseis 26 Vientiseis 36 Treinta y seis

7 Siete 17 Diecisiete 27 Veintisiete 37 Treinta y siete

8 Ocho 18 Dieciocho 28 Vientiocho 38 Treinta y ocho

9 Nueve 19 Diecinueve 29 Veintinueve 39 Treinta y nueve

10 Diez 20 Veinte 30 Treinta 40 Cuarenta

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50 Cincuenta

60 Sesenta 400 Cuatrocientos

70 Setenta 500 Quinientos

80 Ochenta 600 Seiscientos

90 Noventa 700 Setecientos

100 Cien 800 Ochocientos

101 Ciento uno 900 Novecientos

102 Ciento dos 1000 Mil

103 Ciento tres, etc 1002 Mil dos

200 Doscientos 2000 Dos mil

201 Doscientos uno 100,000 Cein mil

202 Doscientos dos, etc 1,000,000 Un million

300 Trescientos 2,000,000 Dos million

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 Grammar
MASCULINE FEMININE

a/an un una SINGULAR

some unos unas PLURAL

the el la SINGULAR

the los las PLURAL

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• Uno becomes un before a masculine noun, and
before a feminine noun it becomes una.
• Example: un dolar (one dollar), una libra (one
pound)
• All numbers finishing in uno e.g. veintiuno,
treinta y uno, change similarly.
• Example: vientiun dias, vientiuno semanas
• Numbers that finish in cientos e.g. doscientos,
trescientos, etc must change according to the
gender of the noun that follows.
• Example: el dolar-los doscientos dolares, la rupia-
las doscientas rupias 10
The Days of the week- Los dias de la
semana
Lunes Monday

Martes Tuesday

Miercoles Wednesday

Jueves Thursday

Viernes Friday

Sabado Saturday

Domingo Sunday

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The months of the year- Los meses
del ano
Enero January
Febrero February
Marzo March
Abril April
Mayo May
Junio June
Julio July
Agosto August
Septiembre September
Octubre October
Noviembre November
Diciembre December

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 Las Estaciones-The Seasons
La primavera Spring

El otono Autumn

El verano Summer

El invierno Winter

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 Pronoun & Verb Conjugation
Subject Pronoun Verb Conjugation Noun

Yo (I) Soy (am) Filipino/a

Tu (You)-informal Eres (are) Italiano/a

El, Ella, Usted (He, She, You- Es americano/a

formal)

Nosotros (We) Somos estudiantes

Vosotros (You all) Sois medicos

Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes (They- Son amigos

male, They-female and You
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• In Spanish, the subject pronoun is omitted,
except for giving emphasis or to avoid ambiguity.
• Generally speaking, nouns ending in o are
masculine e.g. el libro (The book), el chico (the
boy), El puerto (the port) and those ending in a
are feminine e.g. la casa (The house), la chica
(The girl), la puerta (the door)
• However, there are common exceptions to this
rule e.g. el aqua (The water), el dia (The day), el
avion (The aeroplane), el problema (The
problem), la flor (The flower), la nube (The
cloud)
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• Nouns ending in –ista or –e are invariable
whether referring to a male or a female person:
el/la socialista ( The socialist) , el/la cicilista
(The cyclist), el/la estudiante (The student), el/la
contable (The accountant)

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 Common Expressions
Expresiones Comunes
Hola Hello
Buenos dias Good morning
Buenas tardes Good afternoon/ Good evening
Buenas noches Good night
Que tal ?/ Que hay ? How is it going/ How are things
Bien Fine
Muy bien Very fine
Mal Bad
Muy mal Very bad
Gracias Thank you
De nada Its nothing/ Don’t metion
Mucho gusto/ Encantado (a) Pleased to meet you
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 Common Expressions-Contd
Expresiones Comunes
Por favor Please

Perdon Excuse me

Lo siiento I am sorry

Con permiso Excuse me

Hasta la visa See you

Hasta leugo See you later

Hasta pronto See you soon

Hasta manana See you tomorrow

Adios/ chao Good bye

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