VOICE Colloquium

INTEGRATION OF BLOCKCHAIN
AND
INTERNET OF THINGS

KRISHNA PRASAD SATAMRAJU

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ECE

Date: 14 – 02 – 2020
AGENDA
• Blockchain Revisited

• The Internet of Things

• Need for Integration

• Integration Process

• Advantages

• Use cases

• Conclusion
Blockchain
Blockchain
• Blockchain is a distributed database, which logs an
evolving list of transaction records by organizing them
into a hierarchical chain of blocks.

• From security perspective, the block chain is created

and maintained using a peer to peer overlay network
and secured through intelligent and decentralized
utilization of cryptography
Blockchain Overview
Encryption & Decryption

10011 – Data
01111 - Key
-------------
11100 XORED Data
01111 - Key
--------
10011 Transmitted Data
Hash Function

• https://www.tools4noobs.com/online_tools/hash/
 HASH FUNCTION IN OPERATION
PRIVATE KEY

FIXED
DATA HASH
LENGTH
FUNCTION
HASH

TRANSMITTER :: DATA + FIXED LENGTH HASH

RECEIVER
• SEPERATES DATA & HASH
• RECALCULATES HASH USING THE PUBLIC KEY OF TRANSMITTER
• IF BOTH HASHES ARE SAME  DATA UNALTERED
HASH FUNCTION IN OPERATION
The Internet of Things
What is Internet of Things (IoT)?
• Network formed by things/objects having identities,
virtual personalities operating in smart spaces using
intelligent interfaces to connect and communicate with
the users, social and environmental contexts

• Collection of different technologies and provide means

to access and control all kinds of ubiquitous and
uniquely identifiable devices, facilities, and assets.
Internet of Things Overview
Physical Device Model
IoT Tools - Hardware
• Arduino

• NodeMCU

• Raspberry Pi

• Linkit One

• Particle Photon

• Udoo Board
 IoT Tools – Hardware - Arduino

• It is based on the ATmega328P

• 14 digital input/output pins

• 6 Analog inputs.

• 32 KB of Flash memory
 IoT Tools – Hardware - NodeMCU

• Tensilica Xtensa® 32-bit LX106

• 80 to 160 MHz Clock Freq.

• 128kB internal RAM

• 4MB external flash

• 802.11b/g/n Wi-Fi transceiver

 IoT Tools – Hardware – Raspberry Pi
• BCM2837 SoC

• 1.2 GHz 64-bit quad-core ARM

Cortex-A53 processor

• 1GB RAM

• 2.4 GHz WiFi 802.11n

• Bluetooth 4.1

• 10/100 Ethernet port

• 1 HDMI port and 4 USB Ports

Need for Integration
• IoT devices are constrained in terms of memory
and computational power.

• They cannot accommodate complex encryption

functions.

• The devices are heterogeneous in nature and hence

no common security platform.

• The devices can easily be hacked and data can be

easily manipulated.
Need for Integration
• By integrating the IoT devices operating in
vulnerable environments with the blockchain, the
IoT devices can enjoy the benefits derived from
the blockchain platform, namely
• Authentication
• Authorization
• Data Immutability
Integration Process
• IoT devices are constrained in terms of memory
and computational power.

• They cannot accommodate complex encryption

functions.

• The devices are heterogeneous in nature and hence

no common security platform.

• The devices can easily be hacked and data can be

easily manipulated.
Smart Contracts
• Smart contracts are similar to a legal document and
create terms between two parties. The contracts use
public ledger for storage purposes.

• Smart contracts are triggered when a condition is

met, and are completely autonomous.

• It just executes based on the code that defines the

pre-condition. To make sure that they work as
intended, they are analyzed and managed by
regulators.
 Blockchain Network

Layer - 3
Data to be stored
on blockchain

Application Specific Functions

Layer - 2

Smart
Contracts

IoT based Applications

(Medical, Smart Home, Smart Cities, Logistics etc.) Layer - 1
USE CASES
Smart Home
Smart Medical Device
Storing Patient Body Vital Parameters in the Database
Input: patientID, patient_body_parameters
Output: Body parameters are stored in the database and
Transaction is recorded.
pragma solidity ^0.5.12;
mapping(address => bool) authorizedPatients;
if( isPatientAuthorized(patientID))
store the patient body parameters in corresponding patient’s
record;
transaction is recorded in the blockchain;
store the transaction hash and block number in the patient
record;
}
else
Revert the transaction;
function public isPatientAuthorized(address patientID)
public view return (bool approved)
{
return authorizedPatients[patientID];
}
Smart Contract Illustrated Patient ID
43770112
43770113
43770114

Check for :
Patient :
with ID True if
exists

Python Application
Smart
Contract

Application_Call()
Advantages of Integration
• Data Security

• Immutability

• End-to-End Traceability
Conclusion
• Blockchain is the technology of future.

• It brings value to many business scenarios with its key

features such as immutability, authentication and end-to-
end traceability.

• Smart contracts have been instrumental in extending the

blockchain application spectrum.

• As tomorrow’s problems cannot be solved with yesterday’s

technology, young engineers should make themselves
Future-Ready by upgrading their skills in accordance
with latest technological trends.
QUERIES
THANK YOU