GLOBAL

DIVERSITY
AT C O C A
COLA

Diversity is
recognized by Coca-
Cola as an
important
component of their
vision for the
company in 2020.
CHANGING
ENVIRONMEN
T OF
BUSINESS
This presents both
opportunities and challenges
for managers today. Five
important environmental
forces are globalization,
diversity, technology, ethics
and corporate governance,
and new employment
relationships.
DIVERSITY
The variety of observable and unobservable similarities and differences
among people.
TYPES OF DIVERSITY

• SURFACE-LEVEL
-the observable differences in people including race, age, ethnicity, physical
abilities, physical characteristics, and gender.

• DEEP-LEVEL
-individual differences that cannot be seen directly, including goals, values,
personalities, decision-making styles, knowledge, skills, abilities, and attitudes.
TYPES OF DIVERSITY

• SEPARATION
-differences in position or opinion among group
members reflecting disagreement or opposition -
dissimilarity in an attitude or value, for example,
especially with regard to group goals or processes.
• VARIETY
-differences in a certain type or category, including
group members' expertise, knowledge, or functional
background.
TYPES OF DIVERSITY

• DISPARITY
-differences in the concentration of valuable social
assets or resources - dissimilarity in rank, pay,
decision-making authority, or status, for example.
BARRIERS TO INCLUSION

• THE "LIKE ME" BIAS

-people prefer to associate with others they perceive
to be like themselves.

• STEREOTYPES
-a belief about an individual or a group based on the
idea that everyone in a particular group will behave
the same way or have the same characteristics.
BARRIERS TO INCLUSION

• PREJUDICE
-outright bigotry or intolerance for other groups.

• PERCEIVED THREAT OF LOSS

-if some employees perceive a direct threat to their
own career opportunities, they may feel that they
need to protect their own prospects by impeding
diversity efforts.
BARRIERS TO INCLUSION
• ETHNOCENTRISM
-the belief that one's own language, native country, and
cultural rules and norms are superior to all others.

• UNEQUAL ACCESS TO ORGANIZATIONAL

NETWORKS
-women and minorities are often excluded from
organizational networks; which can be important to job
performance, mentoring opportunities, and being seen as
a candidate for promotion.
GLOBALIZATION

The internationalization of business

activities and the shift toward an
integrated global economy.
CULTURAL COMPETENCE
the ability to interact effectively with people of
different cultures.

Four components of cultural competence

• Awareness of our own cultural worldview, and our
reactions to people who are different.
• Our attitude toward cultural differences
• Knowledge of different worldviews and cultural practices
• Cross-cultural skills
CROSS-CULTURAL DIFFERENCES
AND SIMILARITIES
CULTURE
the set of shared values , often taken for granted,
that help people in a group, organization, or society
understand which actions are considered acceptable
and which are deemed unacceptable.
SPECIAL CULTURAL ISSUES
• Individualism
exists to the extent that people in a culture define themselves
primarily as individuals rather than being part of one or more groups
or organizations
• Collectivism
characterized by tight social frameworks in which people tend to base
identities on the group or organization to which they belong
• Power distance (Also called orientation to authority)
the extent to which people accept as normal unequal distribution of
power.
• Uncertainty avoidance(Also called preference for stability)
the extent to which people feel threatened by unknown situations
and prefer to be in clear and unambiguous situations.
• Masculinity
Also called assertiveness or materialism
the extent to which the dominant values in a society emphasize
aggressiveness and the acquisition of money and other possessions as
opposed to concern for people, relationships among people, and
overall quality of life.
• Long-term values
include focusing on the future, working on projects that have a distant
pay-off, persistence and thrift.
• Short-term values
more oriented toward the past and the present and include respect
for traditions and social obligations.
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
a willingness to be open to and learn from the
alternative systems and meanings of other people
and cultures, and a capacity to avoid assuming that
people from everywhere are the same.
TECHNOLOGY AND BUSINESS
• Technology
Refers to the methods used to create products, including both
physical goods and intangible services.
MANUFACTURING AND SERVICE
TECHNOLOGIES
• Manufacturing
A form of business that combines and transforms resources into
tangible outcomes that are then sold to others.
• Service organization
One that transforms resources into an intangible output and creates
time or place utility for its customers.
ETHICS
a person’s beliefs regarding what is right or wrong
in a given situation.
HOW AN ORGANIZATION TREATS ITS
EMPLOYEES AND
HOW EMPLOYEES TREAT THE ORGANIZATION
 HOW EMPLOYEES AND THE
O R G A N I Z AT I O N S T R E AT
OTHER ECONOMIC AGENTS

M A N A G E R I A L E T H I C A L S O C A M E I N T O T H E P L AY
I N T H E R E L AT I O N B E T W E E N T H E F I R M A N D I T S
E M P L OY E E S W I T H OT H E R E C O N O M I C A G E N T S . A N
O R G A N I Z AT I O N SHOULD F A I R LY AND H O N E S T LY
T R E AT S T H E I R E C O N O M I C A G E N T S . T H E S E E C O N O M I C
AG E N T S I N C L U D E S TO C K H O L D E R , S U P P L I E R , D E A L E R ,
A N D C O M P E T I TO R S .
ETHICAL ISSUES IN CORPORATE
GOVERNANCE

Corporate governance refers to the

oversight of a public corporation by its board of
directors. Effective corporate governance requires
a clear understanding of the respective roles of the
board, management and shareholders; their
relationships with each other; and their
relationships with other corporate stakeholders.
 ETHICAL ISSUES AND INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY

Information technology is facing major

challenges which are lack of privacy, security,
copyright infringement and increased computer
crimes. Several ethical issues such as plagiarism,
hacking, viruses, data access rights, piracy, ergonomy
and health issues amongst others were identified as
possible ethical issues related to Information
Technology.
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Businesses living and working together for the

common good and valuing human dignity. An
important part of this is how employers treat their
employees.
 THE MANAGEMENT OF KNOWLEDGE
WORKERS

Traditionally, employees added value to

organizations because of what they did or because
of their experience. These employees are often
referred to as knowledge workers.
OUTSOURCING AND OFFSHORING

Outsourcing is the practice of hiring other

firms to do work previously performed by the
organization itself.

Offshoring is the outsourcing to workers in

another country.
 TEMP AND CONTINGENCY WORKERS

A contingent worker is a person who works

for an organization on something other than a
permanent or full-time basis.
 CONTINGENT WORKER EMPLOYEE
Contracted for specific project or time Works on on-going basis and may be
period. terminated at will.

Decides when and where to work Has required work schedule and location

Negotiates and set own rates, including Paid hourly wage and salary governed by
fixed price amounts minimum wage and overtime laws

Provides own tools and equipments, is Reimbursed for all expenses need for
responsible for own costs and expenses work

Does not need or received skills training May be trained and instructed
TIERED WORKFORCE

A tiered workforce exists when one group of an organization's

workforce has a contractual agreement with the organization objectively
different from that of another group performing the same jobs.
 THE CHANGING NATURE OF
PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACTS

Psychological contract is a person's set of expectations regarding

what he or she will contribute to an organization and what the organization,
in return, will provide to the individual.