Cellular Network

1G Network
• 1G refers to the first generation of wireless
cellular technology (mobile telecommunications).
• These are the analog telecommunications stan
dards that were introduced in the 1980s
• Radio signals used by 1G networks are analog.
• 1G network relied on FDMA /FDD .
 Limitations Of 1G

 Poor Voice Quality of 1G Network

 Poor Battery Life
 Large Phone Size
 No Security
 Limited Capacity
 2G Network
 2G is a second-generation cellular network.
 2G cellular networks were commercially launched on t
he GSM standard in 1991.
 phone conversations were digitally encrypted.
 significantly more efficient use of the radio frequency s
pectrum enabling more users per frequency band.
 Data services for mobile, starting with SMS text messa
ges.
 TDMA & CDMA Technique Used
 Standard of 2G Network

 Global System Mobile(GSM)

 Interim Standard 136(IS-136)
 Pacific Digital Cellular (PDC)
 Interim Standard 95(IS-95) or CDMA-one
 GSM (Global System Mobile)
 The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is
a standard developed by the European Telecommunicatio
ns Standards Institute (ETSI)
 The GSM standard originally described a digital, circuit-sw
itched network optimized for full duplex voice telephony.
 Based on TDMA
 Modulation Technique GMSK is used.
 Voice Channels per carrier is 8.
 Carrier Separation 200KHz
 IS-136 & PDC

 Based On TDMA
 Modulation Technique DQPSK
 Voice Channels per carrier 3
 Carrier Separation 30KHz(IS-136) & 25KHz(PD
C)
 IS-95 or CDMA-1

 Based on CDMA
 Modulation Technique BPSK
 Voice Channels per carrier 64
 Carrier Separation 1.5MHz
 2.5G or GPRS

 General Packet Radio Service

 The standard was agreed by ETSI March 1998.
 It design to allow data communication to take pl
ace within the existing GSM infrastructure and t
echnology.
 Based on TDMA
 Data rate up to 171.2 Kbps
 GPRS Cont.

• All data sent in packet.

• Data must be broken into small packets.
• These packets are re-assembled at the destinat
ion.
 Types of GPRS Device

• Capable of simultaneous data transfer and voic

e Communication.
• Automatic switching between voice and data ca
lls.
• Switching between data and voice operated by
the device user manually.
 EDGE or 2.75G
 Enhanced Data rates For GSM Evolution
 Also known as Enhanced GPRS
 EDGE was deployed on GSM networks beginni
ng in 2003 – initially by Cingular (now AT&T) in
the United States.
 Modulation technique 8-PSK
 Data Rate Up to 384Kbps(theoretical)
 Practical Possible Data rate 80-100Kbps
Thank You